{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210550293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3146885","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted HAPS Relaying Communication Networks for Multiusers Under AF Protocol: A Performance Analysis","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted HAPS Relaying Communication Networks for Multiusers Under AF Protocol: A Performance Analysis","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210550293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3146885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3146885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3146885","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09694656.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09694656.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027381349","display_name":"Kehinde O. Odeyemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8104-9118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kehinde Oluwasesan Odeyemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8104-9118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013633670","display_name":"Pius Adewale Owolawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-5054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pius Adewale Owolawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Systems Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000430207","display_name":"Oladayo Olufemi Olakanmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-2322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181631907","display_name":"University of Ibadan","ror":"https://ror.org/03wx2rr30","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oladayo Olufemi Olakanmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200005, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181631907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3392,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78480989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"14857","last_page":"14869"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.7169255614280701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.7033242583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.663361668586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6318163871765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6084609031677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5595695376396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5559278130531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.528651773929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.44881999492645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4399964213371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.41785967350006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.40867704153060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.405293345451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2661204934120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16878736019134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15136533975601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13821899890899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13445207476615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12695354223251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.0739656388759613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.7169255614280701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.7033242583274841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.663361668586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6318163871765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6084609031677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5595695376396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5559278130531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.528651773929596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.44881999492645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4399964213371277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.41785967350006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.40867704153060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.405293345451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2661204934120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16878736019134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15136533975601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13821899890899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13445207476615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12695354223251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0739656388759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3146885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3146885","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09694656.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b2e89ce5d2d4eb0970c719f433f3cac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b2e89ce5d2d4eb0970c719f433f3cac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 14857-14869 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3146885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3146885","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09694656.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210550293.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4210550293.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37623975","https://openalex.org/W73186599","https://openalex.org/W1578842116","https://openalex.org/W1629773971","https://openalex.org/W1967280221","https://openalex.org/W2002660191","https://openalex.org/W2032504554","https://openalex.org/W2111201239","https://openalex.org/W2167807306","https://openalex.org/W2319383592","https://openalex.org/W2344547323","https://openalex.org/W2484515881","https://openalex.org/W2804608220","https://openalex.org/W2808064617","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2964429862","https://openalex.org/W2968810373","https://openalex.org/W3012545078","https://openalex.org/W3015450694","https://openalex.org/W3038104762","https://openalex.org/W3039859200","https://openalex.org/W3040323948","https://openalex.org/W3044795802","https://openalex.org/W3066294800","https://openalex.org/W3105783993","https://openalex.org/W3120420594","https://openalex.org/W3143096986","https://openalex.org/W3155536275","https://openalex.org/W3159915032","https://openalex.org/W3165507778","https://openalex.org/W3168061659","https://openalex.org/W3170034909","https://openalex.org/W3170455057","https://openalex.org/W3182203117","https://openalex.org/W3197291480","https://openalex.org/W3198214646","https://openalex.org/W3199339416","https://openalex.org/W3205171351","https://openalex.org/W4207063909","https://openalex.org/W4230318341","https://openalex.org/W4230959423","https://openalex.org/W4241055678","https://openalex.org/W6783994079","https://openalex.org/W6785306654","https://openalex.org/W6785790443","https://openalex.org/W6799042375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154316601","https://openalex.org/W2080128313","https://openalex.org/W2066699411","https://openalex.org/W2993822275","https://openalex.org/W4382562267","https://openalex.org/W2170723242","https://openalex.org/W2074311317","https://openalex.org/W2122172954","https://openalex.org/W1967956153","https://openalex.org/W2023869295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1],"paper":[2],"studies":[3],"the":[4,30,33,35,41,44,47,58,66,69,72,83,86,102,106,117,127,138,142,158,162,173,177,180,184,196,204,218,221],"performance":[5,202],"analysis":[6],"of":[7,105,116,141,183,220],"a":[8],"reconfigurable":[9],"intelligent":[10],"surface":[11],"(RIS)-assisted":[12],"high":[13],"altitude":[14],"platform":[15],"station":[16],"(HAPS)":[17],"relaying":[18,100],"communication":[19],"network":[20],"for":[21,56],"multiple":[22,89],"ground":[23,62,90],"users.":[24,63],"Owing":[25],"to":[26,40,61,76,156,167,216],"transmission":[27,67],"blockage":[28],"between":[29,71,85],"source":[31,36,59],"and":[32,88,111,130,151,186],"destination,":[34],"transmits":[37],"its":[38],"information":[39,60],"HAPS":[42,48,87,97],"via":[43],"RIS":[45,199],"where":[46],"acts":[49],"as":[50],"an":[51],"amplify-and-forward":[52],"(AF)":[53],"relay":[54],"node":[55],"sending":[57],"To":[64],"characterize":[65],"links,":[68],"channels":[70],"source-RIS-HAPS":[73],"are":[74,123,154,165,211],"assumed":[75],"follow":[77],"approximate":[78],"generalized-K":[79],"fading":[80,94],"distribution":[81,108],"while":[82],"links":[84],"users":[91],"experience":[92],"Shadowing-Rician":[93],"distribution.":[95],"Since":[96],"employs":[98],"AF":[99],"scheme,":[101],"closed-form":[103],"expressions":[104,140,164],"cumulative":[107],"function":[109,114],"(CDF)":[110],"probability":[112],"density":[113],"(PDF)":[115],"system":[118,143,159,185,197,205],"end-to-end":[119],"signal-to-noise":[120],"ratio":[121],"(SNR)":[122],"derived":[124,222],"by":[125,213],"exploiting":[126],"Meijer\u2019s":[128],"G":[129],"Fox\u2019s":[131],"H":[132],"functions.":[133],"Based":[134],"on":[135,189],"these":[136],"expressions,":[137],"analytical":[139,209],"outage":[144],"probability,":[145],"average":[146,152],"bit":[147],"error":[148],"rate":[149],"(BER)":[150],"capacity":[153],"obtained":[155,166],"examine":[157],"performance.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"asymptotic":[163],"provide":[168],"more":[169],"physical":[170],"insight":[171],"about":[172],"system.":[174,191],"In":[175],"addition,":[176],"results":[178,193,210],"unveil":[179],"significant":[181],"effect":[182],"channel":[187],"parameters":[188],"proposed":[190],"The":[192,208],"show":[194],"that":[195],"with":[198],"offers":[200],"better":[201],"compared":[203],"without":[206],"RIS.":[207],"verified":[212],"Monte-Carlo":[214],"simulation":[215],"justify":[217],"accuracy":[219],"expressions.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}