{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205805984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3144044","title":"iSotEE: A Hypervisor Middleware for IoT-Enabled Resource-Constrained Reliable Systems","display_name":"iSotEE: A Hypervisor Middleware for IoT-Enabled Resource-Constrained Reliable Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205805984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3144044"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3144044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3144044","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09684412.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09684412.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028367970","display_name":"Yixiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-0330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yixiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-0330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032678689","display_name":"Hiroaki Takada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-2397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroaki Takada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3544-2397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8016,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71630333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"8566","last_page":"8576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.79213547706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-operating-system","display_name":"Real-time operating system","score":0.7339884638786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.7247502207756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.7232674360275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.6021312475204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-operating-system","display_name":"Embedded operating system","score":0.5875414609909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5678684711456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middleware","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","score":0.5535481572151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.48178789019584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4710642695426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4681544601917267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.419585257768631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4144143760204315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4028357267379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3420708477497101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.2939645051956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14685997366905212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.08420491218566895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79213547706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28472234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213666","display_name":"Real-time operating system","level":2,"score":0.7339884638786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.7247502207756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.7232674360275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.6021312475204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35939892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139923","display_name":"Embedded operating system","level":3,"score":0.5875414609909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5678684711456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169468491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146923","display_name":"Middleware (distributed applications)","level":2,"score":0.5535481572151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.48178789019584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4710642695426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4681544601917267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.419585257768631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4144143760204315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4028357267379761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3420708477497101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2939645051956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14685997366905212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.08420491218566895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3144044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3144044","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09684412.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e243665617da4468b83a67714a30e83a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e243665617da4468b83a67714a30e83a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 8566-8576 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3144044","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3144044","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09684412.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205805984.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205805984.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974386611","https://openalex.org/W2012651791","https://openalex.org/W2048063069","https://openalex.org/W2065955975","https://openalex.org/W2163234005","https://openalex.org/W2170091282","https://openalex.org/W2233820435","https://openalex.org/W2343874908","https://openalex.org/W2769328306","https://openalex.org/W2792705209","https://openalex.org/W2799818814","https://openalex.org/W2888038539","https://openalex.org/W2903040388","https://openalex.org/W2913096406","https://openalex.org/W2913632136","https://openalex.org/W2920103512","https://openalex.org/W2926643494","https://openalex.org/W2944604407","https://openalex.org/W2947506247","https://openalex.org/W2948596956","https://openalex.org/W2953595181","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2971775058","https://openalex.org/W2977061784","https://openalex.org/W3021475380","https://openalex.org/W3042199248","https://openalex.org/W3104279142","https://openalex.org/W3118594333","https://openalex.org/W3122803386","https://openalex.org/W3157202946","https://openalex.org/W3208172246","https://openalex.org/W4200395680","https://openalex.org/W4248680079","https://openalex.org/W6762985691","https://openalex.org/W6773222381","https://openalex.org/W6941114947"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115664441","https://openalex.org/W2051918533","https://openalex.org/W2170809192","https://openalex.org/W2391147895","https://openalex.org/W3009509464","https://openalex.org/W2185741298","https://openalex.org/W2360718410","https://openalex.org/W2020117310","https://openalex.org/W3199913705","https://openalex.org/W3034416600"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Embedded":[0],"systems":[1,31,200],"for":[2,161,205,211,219],"critical":[3,212],"applications":[4],"are":[5,124,188],"often":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8,114,148],"resource-constrained":[9,128,206],"devices":[10],"to":[11,58,102,142],"meet":[12],"the":[13,24,44,60,81,90],"requirements":[14,82],"like":[15],"performance":[16,210],"predictability":[17],"and":[18,95,106,174,184,190,214,217],"energy":[19],"consumption.":[20],"To":[21],"deal":[22],"with":[23,39,201],"increased":[25],"software":[26,62],"complexity,":[27],"many":[28],"of":[29,46,49,83,92,150,159,179],"these":[30],"have":[32,68],"adopted":[33],"reliable":[34,73,85,93,152,167,182,199],"RTOSes":[35],"(Real-Time":[36],"Operating":[37],"Systems)":[38],"advanced":[40],"protection":[41],"functionalities.":[42],"Meanwhile,":[43],"concept":[45],"IoT":[47,55,66,76,96,140,172,185,220],"(Internet":[48],"Things)":[50],"is":[51,98],"gaining":[52],"momentum.":[53],"Many":[54],"OSes,":[56],"specialized":[57],"provide":[59],"large":[61],"stack":[63],"required":[64],"by":[65],"applications,":[67,213],"been":[69],"released.":[70],"Nevertheless,":[71],"neither":[72],"RTOS":[74,94,153,183],"nor":[75],"OS":[77,141],"can":[78,197],"satisfy":[79],"all":[80],"IoT-enabled":[84],"systems.":[86],"Dual-OS":[87],"configuration":[88],"(i.e.":[89],"coexistence":[91],"OS)":[97,173,186],"a":[99,137,151,202],"promising":[100],"approach":[101],"achieve":[103],"high":[104,208,215],"reliability":[105],"productivity":[107,216],"simultaneously.":[108],"Existing":[109],"dual-OS":[110],"solutions,":[111],"however,":[112],"depend":[113],"additional":[115],"hardware":[116],"features":[117],"(e.g.":[118],"virtualization":[119],"extensions,":[120],"ARM":[121],"TrustZone),":[122],"which":[123],"unavailable":[125],"in":[126],"most":[127],"devices.":[129],"This":[130],"paper":[131],"presents":[132],"iSotEE":[133,160,196],"(iSolated":[134],"Execution":[135],"Environment),":[136],"middleware":[138],"allowing":[139],"run":[143],"inside":[144],"an":[145],"isolated":[146],"environment":[147],"top":[149],"without":[154],"special":[155],"hardware.":[156],"Open-source":[157],"implementations":[158],"Renesas":[162],"RX":[163],"(with":[164,176],"TOPPERS/HRP3":[165],"as":[166,171,181],"RTOS,":[168],"Amazon":[169],"FreeRTOS":[170],"ARMv7-M":[175],"two":[177],"configurations":[178],"Zephyr":[180],"architectures":[187],"provided":[189],"evaluated.":[191],"The":[192],"results":[193],"show":[194],"that":[195],"create":[198],"small":[203],"footprint":[204],"devices,":[207],"real-time":[209],"throughput":[218],"applications.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}