{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205772103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3142114","title":"PN Code Acquisition in DS-CDMA Wireless Systems Using Smart Antenna and S-CFAR Processor","display_name":"PN Code Acquisition in DS-CDMA Wireless Systems Using Smart Antenna and S-CFAR Processor","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205772103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3142114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3142114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3142114","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09676566.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09676566.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000564791","display_name":"Taghreed Saad Alofaisan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-5078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taghreed Saad Alofaisan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-5078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085871026","display_name":"Amr M. Ragheb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-0182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr M. Ragheb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4449-0182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018003528","display_name":"Ahmed B. Ibrahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-9117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed B. Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0485-9117","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052648906","display_name":"Musaed Alhussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musaed Alhussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-6778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048294128","display_name":"Saleh A. Alshebeili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-9277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saleh A. Alshebeili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-9277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8067,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89394394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"6720","last_page":"6736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7276308536529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5665804147720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Code division multiple access","score":0.549314558506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.5426064729690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4636695384979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.33865809440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3056514263153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.17844444513320923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7276308536529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5665804147720337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.549314558506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.5426064729690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4636695384979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.33865809440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3056514263153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.17844444513320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3142114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3142114","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09676566.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa190bcf733d488ba11dabb5d9e4aa24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa190bcf733d488ba11dabb5d9e4aa24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 6720-6736 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3142114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3142114","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09676566.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G684103652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021/46","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7545718068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205772103.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205772103.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W292716351","https://openalex.org/W582162607","https://openalex.org/W596646330","https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1589829410","https://openalex.org/W1997183582","https://openalex.org/W2008531138","https://openalex.org/W2011547761","https://openalex.org/W2021354056","https://openalex.org/W2059847218","https://openalex.org/W2095975429","https://openalex.org/W2110042690","https://openalex.org/W2119166878","https://openalex.org/W2120805590","https://openalex.org/W2123758522","https://openalex.org/W2130833801","https://openalex.org/W2132783836","https://openalex.org/W2135548850","https://openalex.org/W2140515654","https://openalex.org/W2152369818","https://openalex.org/W2156019871","https://openalex.org/W2158424514","https://openalex.org/W2164500043","https://openalex.org/W2171322635","https://openalex.org/W2194741099","https://openalex.org/W2258222595","https://openalex.org/W2295751062","https://openalex.org/W2475277888","https://openalex.org/W2494887468","https://openalex.org/W3096665115","https://openalex.org/W3125569183","https://openalex.org/W3131873585","https://openalex.org/W6687968966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066767660","https://openalex.org/W2138986309","https://openalex.org/W1545871511","https://openalex.org/W2566455368","https://openalex.org/W1565351745","https://openalex.org/W1637219390","https://openalex.org/W2330413194","https://openalex.org/W1539237310","https://openalex.org/W2074878058","https://openalex.org/W2357759076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Code":[0],"division":[1],"multiple":[2,11],"access":[3],"(CDMA)":[4],"is":[5,36],"a":[6,31,59,79,131],"class":[7],"of":[8,20,67,78,101,140,149,151,155,167,172,189],"techniques":[9],"allowing":[10],"users":[12],"to":[13,16,38,41,123,135,185],"transmit":[14],"simultaneously":[15],"meet":[17],"the":[18,21,43,46,54,74,125,136,165,187],"demand":[19],"recently":[22],"unprecedented":[23],"revolution":[24],"in":[25,91,147,194],"wireless":[26],"services.":[27],"In":[28,57],"CDMA":[29,60],"systems,":[30],"unique":[32],"pseudo-random":[33],"(PN)":[34],"code":[35,113],"assigned":[37],"each":[39],"user":[40],"spread":[42],"signal":[44],"at":[45,53],"transmitter":[47],"side":[48],"and":[49,76,104,118,157,170,179],"facilitate":[50],"signal&#x2019;s":[51],"recovery":[52],"receiver":[55,61],"side.":[56],"particular,":[58],"initially":[62],"seeks":[63],"synchronization":[64],"or":[65],"acquisition":[66,84,127,142,159,192,201],"PN":[68,112,126,191,200],"code.":[69],"This":[70],"paper":[71],"focuses":[72],"on":[73],"development":[75],"analysis":[77],"new":[80],"adaptive":[81],"serial":[82],"search":[83],"method":[85,98],"for":[86,111,164],"direct":[87],"sequence":[88],"(DS)-CDMA":[89],"systems":[90],"Rayleigh":[92],"slowly":[93],"fading":[94],"channels.":[95],"The":[96,115,138],"proposed":[97,141,190],"makes":[99],"use":[100],"smart":[102,116],"antenna":[103,117],"switched":[105],"constant":[106],"false":[107,152,168],"alarm":[108,169],"(S-CFAR)":[109],"processor":[110,120],"acquisition.":[114],"S-CFAR":[119],"are":[121],"employed":[122],"improve":[124],"performance":[128,139,188],"by":[129],"adjusting":[130],"decision":[132],"threshold":[133],"according":[134],"environment.":[137],"system":[143,193],"has":[144],"been":[145,175,183],"evaluated":[146],"terms":[148],"probability":[150,154,166,171],"alarm,":[153],"detection,":[156],"mean":[158],"time.":[160],"Closed":[161],"form":[162],"expressions":[163],"detection":[173],"have":[174,182],"derived.":[176],"Further,":[177],"numerical":[178],"simulation":[180],"results":[181],"presented":[184],"show":[186],"comparison":[195],"with":[196],"other":[197],"existing":[198],"CFAR-based":[199],"schemes.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
