{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205434272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3141915","title":"A Robust Design Method for Optimal Engine Operating Zone Design of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus","display_name":"A Robust Design Method for Optimal Engine Operating Zone Design of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Bus","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205434272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3141915"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3141915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3141915","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09676626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09676626.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454956","display_name":"Yujie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-6964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9719-6964","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004954513","display_name":"Qun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-8359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-8359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625485","display_name":"Qiang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8612-6437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102956524","display_name":"Haigang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-0714"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haigang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Shifeng (Group) Company Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-0714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Shifeng (Group) Company Ltd., Liaocheng, Shandong, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058137203","display_name":"Wenxiao Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-9034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiao Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9855-931X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045039227","display_name":"Hongqiang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-5943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196934937","display_name":"Liaocheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yh0n709","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Qiang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-5943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100454956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196934937"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.392,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55544672,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"6978","last_page":"6988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-point","display_name":"Operating point","score":0.6564531326293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.6125376224517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5716115236282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5361407399177551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-cost","display_name":"Operating cost","score":0.5134842991828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5038859248161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-design","display_name":"Optimal design","score":0.45751824975013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4487555921077728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taguchi-methods","display_name":"Taguchi methods","score":0.4471323490142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.4329402446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31295084953308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.27698951959609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.20217585563659668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.6564531326293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.6125376224517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5716115236282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5361407399177551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777347956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362005","display_name":"Operating cost","level":2,"score":0.5134842991828918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5038859248161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186394612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098942","display_name":"Optimal design","level":2,"score":0.45751824975013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4487555921077728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.4471323490142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.4329402446746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31295084953308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.27698951959609985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.20217585563659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3141915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3141915","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09676626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fda70262f66b4064946f4f6925acd14d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fda70262f66b4064946f4f6925acd14d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 6978-6988 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2022.3141915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3141915","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09676626.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4600245439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020ME128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4721435951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2021MF125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205434272.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205434272.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2590160447","https://openalex.org/W2783076297","https://openalex.org/W2796290791","https://openalex.org/W2884458069","https://openalex.org/W2886578595","https://openalex.org/W2896447608","https://openalex.org/W2901276933","https://openalex.org/W2927911927","https://openalex.org/W2944929844","https://openalex.org/W2947522647","https://openalex.org/W2952366389","https://openalex.org/W2953491274","https://openalex.org/W2990258903","https://openalex.org/W2991600188","https://openalex.org/W3001880623","https://openalex.org/W3025050697","https://openalex.org/W3026752671","https://openalex.org/W3033705788","https://openalex.org/W3038371177","https://openalex.org/W3081004348","https://openalex.org/W3090358476","https://openalex.org/W3091853806","https://openalex.org/W3094116798","https://openalex.org/W3103458631","https://openalex.org/W3119486917","https://openalex.org/W3129869019","https://openalex.org/W3139033319","https://openalex.org/W3156527853","https://openalex.org/W3166128871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W764575120","https://openalex.org/W4405861050","https://openalex.org/W3010509880","https://openalex.org/W2032319497","https://openalex.org/W1572619572","https://openalex.org/W2011994681","https://openalex.org/W2057535306","https://openalex.org/W3183930421","https://openalex.org/W2507843092","https://openalex.org/W2106969829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121],"optimal":[1,45,85,132],"engine":[2,29,49,86,117,137,169],"operating":[3,30,50,87,118,138,170],"zone":[4,31,88],"of":[5,17,47,68,101,115,134],"energy":[6,59,92,183],"management":[7,60,93,184],"plays":[8],"an":[9],"important":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12],"the":[13,23,28,42,48,84,91,99,112,116,129,135,144,150,155,166,181],"fuel":[14,151,156],"economy":[15,152,157],"improvement":[16],"Plug-in":[18],"hybrid":[19],"electric":[20],"buses.":[21],"However,":[22],"existing":[24],"investigations":[25],"usually":[26],"design":[27,39,46,78],"by":[32,89,162,177],"experience.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"proposes":[36],"a":[37,53,63,75],"robust":[38,43,77,113],"method":[40,71,146],"for":[41],"and":[44,104,131,172],"zone.":[51,119,139],"Firstly,":[52],"nonlinear":[54],"model":[55,79],"predictive":[56],"control":[57],"(NMPC)-based":[58],"together":[61],"with":[62,165,180],"single-point":[64],"preview":[65],"SOC":[66],"(state":[67],"charge)":[69],"plan":[70],"is":[72,80,125,147],"designed.":[73],"Then,":[74],"Taguchi":[76],"designed":[81,136,168],"to":[82,110,127,149],"find":[83],"taking":[90],"as":[94],"underlying":[95],"solving":[96],"module.":[97],"Particularly,":[98],"noises":[100],"driving":[102],"cycles":[103],"stochastic":[105],"vehicle":[106],"mass":[107],"are":[108],"considered":[109],"improve":[111],"performance":[114],"Finally,":[120],"Monte":[122],"Carlo":[123],"Simulation":[124,140],"deployed":[126],"verify":[128],"robustness":[130],"performances":[133],"results":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"that":[143],"proposed":[145],"beneficial":[148],"improvement,":[153],"where":[154],"can":[158,173],"be":[159,174],"averagely":[160,175],"improved":[161,176],"9.10%":[163],"compared":[164,179],"experienced":[167],"zone,":[171],"16.34%":[178],"rule-based":[182],"strategy.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
