{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205878128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135662","title":"A Novel Implementation of an AI-Based Smart Construction Safety Inspection Protocol in the UAE","display_name":"A Novel Implementation of an AI-Based Smart Construction Safety Inspection Protocol in the UAE","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205878128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135662"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135662","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09650892.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09650892.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057121821","display_name":"Mohammad Z. Shanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Z. Shanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6112-7967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091279969","display_name":"Chung-Suk Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-3553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Suk Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE. (e-mail: chung.cho@ku.ac.ae)","Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-3553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE. (e-mail: chung.cho@ku.ac.ae)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058026132","display_name":"Young-Ji Byon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-1803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Ji Byon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-1803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044552714","display_name":"Chan Yeob Yeun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-952X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan Yeob Yeun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-952X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629609","display_name":"Tae\u2010Yeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-6023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tae-Yeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-6023","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089236453","display_name":"Song-Kyoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4856-8247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49835588","display_name":"Macao Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sf5td35","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song-Kyoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE and School of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, R. de Luis Gonzaga Gomes, Macao"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4856-8247","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE and School of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, R. de Luis Gonzaga Gomes, Macao","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49835588"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084294386","display_name":"Ahmed Altunaiji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-6913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Altunaiji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7940-6913","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.6938,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95601384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"166603","last_page":"166616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.941100001335144,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7419176697731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6820656061172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-monitoring","display_name":"Safety monitoring","score":0.4864201545715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47007566690444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4644923508167267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44991302490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44442513585090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3982320725917816}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7419176697731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6820656061172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777488183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6900510","display_name":"Safety monitoring","level":2,"score":0.4864201545715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47007566690444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4644923508167267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44991302490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44442513585090637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3982320725917816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135662","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09650892.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f3fcac092ec84543aa7f3b6b31ea8dca","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f3fcac092ec84543aa7f3b6b31ea8dca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 166603-166616 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135662","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09650892.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205878128.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205878128.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2059393771","https://openalex.org/W2140150805","https://openalex.org/W2142159029","https://openalex.org/W2540093921","https://openalex.org/W2578179458","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2753227367","https://openalex.org/W2790722345","https://openalex.org/W2904893748","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2994143978","https://openalex.org/W3003063065","https://openalex.org/W3036693328","https://openalex.org/W3048378273","https://openalex.org/W3110325785","https://openalex.org/W4248987460","https://openalex.org/W6779945154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,136,152,173,195],"safety":[1,83,120,129,134],"of":[2,9,44,54,62,85,115,131,158,168,179,198,213],"workers":[3,76],"at":[4],"construction":[5,184],"sites":[6,185],"is":[7,56,139,201],"one":[8],"the":[10,31,39,42,59,75,86,116,149,165,169,177,211],"most":[11],"important":[12],"aspects":[13],"that":[14,73,118],"should":[15],"be":[16],"considered":[17,57],"while":[18],"performing":[19],"their":[20],"required":[21],"tasks.":[22],"Many":[23],"rules":[24],"and":[25,36,64,122,160,190],"regulations":[26],"have":[27],"been":[28],"implemented":[29],"in":[30,38,108,124,183],"UAE":[32],"to":[33,47,110,126,147,186,191,202,209],"reduce":[34],"injuries":[35,63],"fatalities":[37],"jobsites.":[40],"However,":[41],"number":[43],"accidents":[45],"continues":[46],"increase.":[48],"For":[49],"instance,":[50],"an":[51,155,204],"accident":[52],"category":[53],"fall-from-height":[55,214],"as":[58],"top":[60],"cause":[61],"fatalities.":[65],"Thus,":[66],"this":[67,199],"paper":[68,93,200],"develops":[69],"a":[70,82,95,102,127,133,142],"novel":[71],"technique":[72],"monitors":[74],"whether":[77],"they":[78],"are":[79],"complying":[80],"with":[81],"standard":[84,128],"Personal":[87],"Fall":[88],"Arrest":[89],"System":[90],"(PFAS).":[91],"This":[92],"establishes":[94],"real":[96],"time":[97],"detection":[98,207],"algorithm":[99,138],"based":[100],"on":[101],"Convolutional":[103],"Neural":[104],"Network":[105],"(CNN)":[106],"model":[107,153,170,182],"order":[109],"detect":[111],"two":[112],"main":[113,196],"components":[114],"PFAS":[117],"are,":[119],"harness":[121],"life-line,":[123],"addition":[125],"measure":[130],"using":[132],"helmet.":[135],"YOLOv3":[137],"adopted":[140],"for":[141],"deep":[143],"learning":[144],"network":[145],"used":[146],"train":[148],"desired":[150],"model.":[151],"achieved":[154],"accuracy":[156],"rate":[157],"91.26%":[159],"around":[161],"99%":[162],"precision.":[163],"Moreover,":[164],"overall":[166],"recall":[167],"was":[171],"90.2%.":[172],"obtained":[174],"results":[175],"verify":[176],"effectiveness":[178],"our":[180],"proposed":[181],"control":[187],"potential":[188],"violations":[189],"avoid":[192],"unnecessary":[193],"accidents.":[194,215],"contribution":[197],"provide":[203],"AI-based":[205],"image":[206],"framework":[208],"mitigate":[210],"likelihood":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}