{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206011313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135255","title":"Towards Accurate and Lightweight Masked Face Recognition: An Experimental Evaluation","display_name":"Towards Accurate and Lightweight Masked Face Recognition: An Experimental Evaluation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206011313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135255","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09648153.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09648153.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066876303","display_name":"Yoanna Mart\u00ednez-D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095957","display_name":"Advanced Technologies Application Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwma409","country_code":"CU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095957"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoanna Martinez-Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technologies Application Center (CENATAV), Havana, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technologies Application Center (CENATAV), Havana, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064231789","display_name":"Heydi M\u00e9ndez-V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-1791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095957","display_name":"Advanced Technologies Application Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwma409","country_code":"CU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095957"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heydi Mendez-Vazquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technologies Application Center (CENATAV), Havana, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7834-1791","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technologies Application Center (CENATAV), Havana, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023162076","display_name":"Luis S. Lu\u00e9vano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-0826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis S. Luevano","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-0826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076664376","display_name":"Miguel Nicol\u00e1s-D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5537-2106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095957","display_name":"Advanced Technologies Application Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwma409","country_code":"CU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095957"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Nicolas-Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technologies Application Center (CENATAV), Havana, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technologies Application Center (CENATAV), Havana, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031482071","display_name":"Leonardo Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-2131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-2131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033024566","display_name":"Miguel Gonz\u00e1lez-Mendoza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-9109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98461037","display_name":"Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey","ror":"https://ror.org/03ayjn504","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Gonzalez-Mendoza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98461037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2582,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90218277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"7341","last_page":"7353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8271159529685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7457270622253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6267490386962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5434965491294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.4626857042312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4546842575073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4310641884803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.4128553867340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.36609625816345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3533824384212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18049553036689758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8271159529685974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7457270622253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6267490386962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5434965491294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.4626857042312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4546842575073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4310641884803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.4128553867340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.36609625816345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3533824384212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18049553036689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135255","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09648153.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04393647v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04393647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE ACCESS, 2022, 10, pp.7341-7353. ⟨10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3135255⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f5c4fd2b62bc4244a459b8f0bc6eb965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f5c4fd2b62bc4244a459b8f0bc6eb965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 10, Pp 7341-7353 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3135255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3135255","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9668973/09648153.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321739","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/059ex5q34"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206011313.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206011313.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520795124","https://openalex.org/W1991158974","https://openalex.org/W2016349669","https://openalex.org/W2134794961","https://openalex.org/W2152690956","https://openalex.org/W2238285753","https://openalex.org/W2330791441","https://openalex.org/W2515770085","https://openalex.org/W2560211560","https://openalex.org/W2605048337","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2736633948","https://openalex.org/W2799457671","https://openalex.org/W2951496350","https://openalex.org/W2954826981","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963976704","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2981408674","https://openalex.org/W2984737709","https://openalex.org/W2989327462","https://openalex.org/W3017085419","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W3047784225","https://openalex.org/W3093217433","https://openalex.org/W3096368674","https://openalex.org/W3120636043","https://openalex.org/W3128406261","https://openalex.org/W3134309057","https://openalex.org/W3144035815","https://openalex.org/W3185537204","https://openalex.org/W3196252426","https://openalex.org/W3210988591","https://openalex.org/W4205712406","https://openalex.org/W4205830784","https://openalex.org/W4287825176","https://openalex.org/W6630649318","https://openalex.org/W6744072679","https://openalex.org/W6781276182","https://openalex.org/W6782102408","https://openalex.org/W6786782464","https://openalex.org/W6790763638","https://openalex.org/W6794330198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014153223","https://openalex.org/W3000486667","https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"the":[1,13,16,28,64,67,83,97,106,113,124,128,143,151,178,201,210,238,241,254,257],"current":[2,31],"COVID-19":[3,110],"pandemic,":[4],"most":[5,202],"people":[6],"wear":[7],"a":[8,24,101],"mask":[9],"to":[10,78,104,199],"effectively":[11],"prevent":[12],"spread":[14],"of":[15,30,66,109,115,130,153,240,256],"contagious":[17],"disease.":[18],"This":[19],"sanitary":[20],"measure":[21],"has":[22,137],"caused":[23],"significant":[25],"drop":[26],"in":[27,123,142,261],"effectiveness":[29,152,239],"face":[32,44,47,50,69,87,117,134,157,166,188,221,250,265],"recognition":[33,70,88,118,135,158,251],"methods":[34,136],"when":[35],"handling":[36],"masked":[37,73,92,116,165,172,187,224],"faces":[38,173],"on":[39,62,72,90,171,223,245],"practical":[40],"applications":[41],"such":[42],"as":[43,100,190,192],"access":[45],"control,":[46],"attendance,":[48],"and":[49,132,163,174,185,205,236,252],"authentication-based":[51],"mobile":[52],"payment.":[53],"Under":[54],"this":[55,80,147],"situation,":[56],"recent":[57],"efforts":[58],"have":[59],"been":[60],"focused":[61],"boosting":[63],"performance":[65,228],"existing":[68,84,219],"technology":[71],"faces.":[74],"Some":[75],"solutions":[76],"trying":[77],"tackle":[79],"issue":[81],"fine-tune":[82],"deep":[85],"learning":[86],"models":[89,159,222,244],"synthetic":[91],"images,":[93],"while":[94],"others":[95],"use":[96],"periocular":[98,175,193],"region":[99],"naive":[102],"manner":[103],"eliminate":[105],"adverse":[107],"effect":[108],"masks.":[111],"Although":[112],"accuracy":[114],"remains":[119],"an":[120,139],"important":[121],"issue,":[122],"last":[125],"few":[126],"years,":[127],"development":[129],"efficient":[131,164],"lightweight":[133,156,259],"received":[138],"increased":[140],"attention":[141],"research":[144,211],"community.":[145,212],"In":[146],"paper,":[148],"we":[149,181,234],"study":[150],"three":[154],"state-of-the-art":[155,220,264],"for":[160,209,249],"addressing":[161],"accurate":[162],"recognition,":[167],"considering":[168],"both":[169,183],"fine-tuning":[170,218],"images.":[176],"For":[177],"experimental":[179],"evaluation,":[180],"create":[182],"real":[184],"simulated":[186],"databases":[189],"well":[191],"datasets.":[194],"Extensive":[195],"experiments":[196],"are":[197],"conducted":[198],"determine":[200],"effective":[203],"solution":[204],"state":[206],"further":[207],"steps":[208],"The":[213],"obtained":[214],"results":[215],"disclose":[216],"that":[217],"images":[225],"achieve":[226],"better":[227],"than":[229],"using":[230],"periocular-based":[231],"models.":[232,266],"Besides,":[233],"evaluate":[235],"analyze":[237],"trained":[242],"masked-based":[243],"well-established":[246],"unmasked":[247],"benchmarks":[248],"assess":[253],"efficiency":[255],"used":[258],"architectures":[260],"comparison":[262],"with":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}