{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205832669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3134076","title":"Financial Cybercrime: A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Learning Approaches to Tackle the Evolving Financial Crime Landscape","display_name":"Financial Cybercrime: A Comprehensive Survey of Deep Learning Approaches to Tackle the Evolving Financial Crime Landscape","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205832669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3134076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3134076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3134076","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09642993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09642993.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059840185","display_name":"Jack Nicholls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2093-5730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Nicholls","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, School of Computer Science, Dublin, Ireland. (e-mail: jack.nicholls@ucdconnect.ie)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2093-5730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, School of Computer Science, Dublin, Ireland. (e-mail: jack.nicholls@ucdconnect.ie)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083053959","display_name":"Aditya Kuppa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-6334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Kuppa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, School of Computer Science, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-6334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, School of Computer Science, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073189627","display_name":"Nhien\u2010An Le\u2010Khac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-2212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhien-An Le-Khac","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College Dublin, School of Computer Science, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-2212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College Dublin, School of Computer Science, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":28.5031,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":169,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99699874,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"163965","last_page":"163986"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.8992461562156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.686855137348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.5250605940818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.49407318234443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.47771739959716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-transaction","display_name":"Financial transaction","score":0.44723159074783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.44405287504196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.43411266803741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4323985278606415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/money-laundering","display_name":"Money laundering","score":0.41699764132499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3887268006801605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3865221440792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3698756992816925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.8992461562156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.686855137348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.5250605940818787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.49407318234443665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.47771739959716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164516710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166072","display_name":"Financial transaction","level":3,"score":0.44723159074783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.44405287504196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.43411266803741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4323985278606415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780005421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151900","display_name":"Money laundering","level":2,"score":0.41699764132499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3887268006801605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3865221440792084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3698756992816925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3134076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3134076","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09642993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2cbb8ee65771420b9b271f8fa9578c49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2cbb8ee65771420b9b271f8fa9578c49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 163965-163986 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3134076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3134076","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09642993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7316039843","display_name":"SFI Centre for Research Training in Machine Learning","funder_award_id":"18/CRT/6183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205832669.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205832669.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1500383076","https://openalex.org/W1959608418","https://openalex.org/W1982165141","https://openalex.org/W1993322021","https://openalex.org/W2015887370","https://openalex.org/W2054290491","https://openalex.org/W2087067643","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2158488480","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2171918278","https://openalex.org/W2278186031","https://openalex.org/W2340896621","https://openalex.org/W2522834812","https://openalex.org/W2585169518","https://openalex.org/W2590961078","https://openalex.org/W2622542399","https://openalex.org/W2770354671","https://openalex.org/W2770752941","https://openalex.org/W2795158134","https://openalex.org/W2800686740","https://openalex.org/W2883250474","https://openalex.org/W2883284371","https://openalex.org/W2888214786","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2898516482","https://openalex.org/W2900633536","https://openalex.org/W2903199860","https://openalex.org/W2905224888","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2910068345","https://openalex.org/W2921218568","https://openalex.org/W2945223669","https://openalex.org/W2962973998","https://openalex.org/W2963695795","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2965341826","https://openalex.org/W2969414314","https://openalex.org/W2982625629","https://openalex.org/W3007332492","https://openalex.org/W3007944354","https://openalex.org/W3013843954","https://openalex.org/W3015453379","https://openalex.org/W3022746105","https://openalex.org/W3022817742","https://openalex.org/W3022878296","https://openalex.org/W3031529001","https://openalex.org/W3042174295","https://openalex.org/W3044931344","https://openalex.org/W3045814490","https://openalex.org/W3082247314","https://openalex.org/W3090717071","https://openalex.org/W3091347766","https://openalex.org/W3091679231","https://openalex.org/W3092008631","https://openalex.org/W3094219804","https://openalex.org/W3094682614","https://openalex.org/W3098622648","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3102415155","https://openalex.org/W3107783295","https://openalex.org/W3121087702","https://openalex.org/W3127084502","https://openalex.org/W3127187640","https://openalex.org/W3134685772","https://openalex.org/W3138941680","https://openalex.org/W3139122621","https://openalex.org/W3152833141","https://openalex.org/W3155355417","https://openalex.org/W3159916456","https://openalex.org/W3172306995","https://openalex.org/W3206604724","https://openalex.org/W4254420769","https://openalex.org/W4256141317","https://openalex.org/W4287829537","https://openalex.org/W4288094095","https://openalex.org/W4288276219","https://openalex.org/W4293568373","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6733635951","https://openalex.org/W6738961016","https://openalex.org/W6748799445","https://openalex.org/W6756622538","https://openalex.org/W6757374366","https://openalex.org/W6758101687","https://openalex.org/W6762672661","https://openalex.org/W6766077421","https://openalex.org/W6766612752","https://openalex.org/W6769250974","https://openalex.org/W6780248173","https://openalex.org/W6781087066","https://openalex.org/W6784666023","https://openalex.org/W6785202357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362572734","https://openalex.org/W197818113","https://openalex.org/W3146489226","https://openalex.org/W2550662705","https://openalex.org/W135644120","https://openalex.org/W2268172546","https://openalex.org/W2152118558","https://openalex.org/W4383683699","https://openalex.org/W4393931553","https://openalex.org/W2611827299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"Learning":[1,4],"and":[2,19,36,46,54,63,91,129,151,155,176,188,198,224,227,272,284,289],"Deep":[3],"methods":[5,25,167,180,262],"are":[6,48,59],"widely":[7],"adopted":[8,263],"across":[9],"financial":[10,33,62,81,88,106,141,186,206,219,252,294],"domains":[11],"to":[12,74,168,184,204,245,275],"support":[13],"trading":[14],"activities,":[15],"mobile":[16],"banking,":[17],"payments,":[18],"making":[20],"customer":[21,126],"credit":[22],"decisions.":[23],"These":[24],"also":[26],"play":[27],"a":[28,50,70,85,110,115,145,211,214],"vital":[29],"role":[30],"in":[31,232,235,292],"combating":[32],"crime,":[34,89],"fraud,":[35,189],"cyberattacks.":[37],"Financial":[38],"crime":[39,187],"is":[40,80,84,109,134,144,209],"increasingly":[41],"being":[42,202],"committed":[43,94],"over":[44,95],"cyberspace,":[45],"cybercriminals":[47],"using":[49],"combination":[51,86],"of":[52,87,101,148,164,213,217,237],"hacking":[53],"social":[55,92],"engineering":[56,93],"techniques":[57,197],"which":[58,79,157],"bypassing":[60],"current":[61],"corporate":[64],"institution":[65],"security.":[66],"With":[67],"this":[68,233,241],"comes":[69],"new":[71,228],"umbrella":[72],"term":[73],"capture":[75],"the":[76,98,136,162,218,247,251,281,293],"evolving":[77],"landscape":[78],"cybercrime.":[82,207],"It":[83],"hacking,":[90],"cyberspace":[96],"for":[97,113],"sole":[99],"purpose":[100],"illegal":[102],"economic":[103],"gain.":[104],"Identifying":[105],"cybercrime-related":[107],"activities":[108],"hard":[111],"problem,":[112],"example,":[114],"highly":[116],"restrictive":[117],"algorithm":[118],"may":[119],"block":[120],"all":[121],"suspicious":[122],"activity":[123],"obstructing":[124],"genuine":[125],"business.":[127],"Navigating":[128],"identifying":[130],"legitimate":[131],"illicit":[132],"transactions":[133],"not":[135],"only":[137],"issue":[138],"faced":[139],"by":[140,249,264],"institutions,":[142],"there":[143],"growing":[146],"demand":[147],"transparency,":[149],"fairness,":[150],"privacy":[152],"from":[153],"customers":[154],"regulators,":[156],"imposes":[158],"unique":[159],"constraints":[160],"on":[161,256],"application":[163],"artificial":[165],"intelligence":[166],"detect":[169,185],"fraud-related":[170],"activities.":[171],"Traditionally,":[172],"rule":[173],"based":[174,196,255],"systems":[175],"shallow":[177],"anomaly":[178],"detection":[179],"have":[181,193],"been":[182],"applied":[183],"but":[190],"recent":[191],"developments":[192],"seen":[194],"graph":[195],"neural":[199],"network":[200],"models":[201],"used":[203,274],"tackle":[205],"There":[208],"still":[210],"lack":[212],"holistic":[215],"understanding":[216],"cybercrime":[220,253,295],"ecosystem,":[221],"relevant":[222,267,282],"methods,":[223],"their":[225,238],"drawbacks":[226],"emerging":[229,290],"open":[230,288],"problems":[231,291],"domain":[234],"spite":[236],"popularity.":[239],"In":[240],"survey,":[242],"we":[243],"aim":[244],"bridge":[246],"gap":[248],"studying":[250],"ecosystem":[254],"four":[257],"axes:":[258],"(a)":[259],"different":[260],"fraud":[261,278],"criminals;":[265],"(b)":[266],"systems,":[268],"algorithms,":[269],"drawbacks,":[270],"constraints,":[271],"metrics":[273],"combat":[276],"each":[277],"type;":[279],"(c)":[280],"personas":[283],"stakeholders":[285],"involved;":[286],"(d)":[287],"domain.":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}