{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205727782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133797","title":"Robust Deep Learning-Based Driver Distraction Detection and Classification","display_name":"Robust Deep Learning-Based Driver Distraction Detection and Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205727782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3133797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133797","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013530867","display_name":"Amal Ezzouhri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-1442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amal Ezzouhri","raw_affiliation_strings":["TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-1442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022059826","display_name":"Zakaria Charouh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2867-5491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127336678","display_name":"Ecole Mohammadia d'Ing\u00e9nieurs","ror":"https://ror.org/00md3qm14","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127336678"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zakaria Charouh","raw_affiliation_strings":["TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","International University of Rabat, TICLab, Rabat, Morocco and ERSC Team, Mohammadia Engineering School, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2867-5491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International University of Rabat, TICLab, Rabat, Morocco and ERSC Team, Mohammadia Engineering School, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678","https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057324156","display_name":"Mounir Ghogho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0055-7867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106663","display_name":"International University of Rabat","ror":"https://ror.org/01t9czq80","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounir Ghogho","raw_affiliation_strings":["TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","International University of Rabat, TICLab, Rabat, Morocco and School of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIC Laboratory, International University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"International University of Rabat, TICLab, Rabat, Morocco and School of EEE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068451870","display_name":"Zouhair Guennoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-0550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126477371","display_name":"Mohammed V University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r8w8f84","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126477371"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127336678","display_name":"Ecole Mohammadia d'Ing\u00e9nieurs","ror":"https://ror.org/00md3qm14","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zouhair Guennoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["ERSC Team, Mohammadia School of Engineering, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7142-0550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ERSC Team, Mohammadia School of Engineering, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126477371","https://openalex.org/I127336678"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"apc_paid":{"value":1750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1750},"fwci":6.798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97354092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"168080","last_page":"168092"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distraction","display_name":"Distraction","score":0.9704221487045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8036383390426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6990783214569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distracted-driving","display_name":"Distracted driving","score":0.6944155693054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6676045060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6310813426971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6009199619293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5548346638679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.4727388620376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3774317800998688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3557947874069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3387766480445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10309818387031555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.9704221487045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8036383390426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6990783214569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776465824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283083","display_name":"Distracted driving","level":3,"score":0.6944155693054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6676045060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6310813426971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6009199619293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5548346638679504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.4727388620376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3774317800998688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3557947874069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3387766480445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10309818387031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3133797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2b2238ea638945a5be7237df01077489","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2b2238ea638945a5be7237df01077489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 168080-168092 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3133797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208765980","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2013152589","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2106126246","https://openalex.org/W2155175509","https://openalex.org/W2161460618","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2309415944","https://openalex.org/W2398640840","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2534485875","https://openalex.org/W2598915960","https://openalex.org/W2617632090","https://openalex.org/W2792993873","https://openalex.org/W2798453399","https://openalex.org/W2885876042","https://openalex.org/W2890157139","https://openalex.org/W2934625602","https://openalex.org/W2958537753","https://openalex.org/W2962891704","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963758239","https://openalex.org/W2963948108","https://openalex.org/W3003487961","https://openalex.org/W3011384521","https://openalex.org/W3015948701","https://openalex.org/W3024232493","https://openalex.org/W3080348805","https://openalex.org/W3128640141","https://openalex.org/W3175829748","https://openalex.org/W4298947612","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6740710302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105821991","https://openalex.org/W2051187670","https://openalex.org/W2147463956","https://openalex.org/W4281250427","https://openalex.org/W2891960815","https://openalex.org/W2946368029","https://openalex.org/W1989682839","https://openalex.org/W3189952116","https://openalex.org/W626594146","https://openalex.org/W210914953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driver":[0],"distraction":[1,29,108],"is":[2,93],"a":[3,26],"major":[4],"cause":[5],"of":[6,40,54,89,96,128],"road":[7],"accidents.":[8],"Distracting":[9],"activities":[10,79],"while":[11],"driving":[12,50,57,61,84],"include":[13],"text":[14],"messaging":[15],"and":[16,58,70,82,110,137],"talking":[17],"on":[18,134,139],"the":[19,34,38,68,77,90,94,97,107,117,122,129,140],"phone.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24],"propose":[25],"robust":[27],"driver":[28],"detection":[30,109],"system":[31],"that":[32,116],"extracts":[33],"driver\u2019s":[35,98],"state":[36],"from":[37],"recordings":[39],"an":[41],"onboard":[42],"camera":[43],"using":[44,101],"Deep":[45],"Learning.":[46],"We":[47],"consider":[48],"ten":[49,78],"activities,":[51],"which":[52],"consist":[53],"one":[55,72],"normal":[56],"nine":[59],"distracted":[60],"behaviors.":[62],"Nine":[63],"drivers":[64],"were":[65],"included":[66],"in":[67,80],"experiments,":[69],"each":[71],"was":[73],"asked":[74],"to":[75],"perform":[76],"naturalistic":[81],"simulated":[83],"situations.":[85],"The":[86,125],"main":[87],"feature":[88],"proposed":[91,130],"solution":[92,131],"extraction":[95],"body":[99],"parts,":[100],"deep":[102],"learning-based":[103],"segmentation,":[104],"before":[105],"performing":[106],"classification":[111,123],"task.":[112],"Experimental":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"segmentation":[118],"module":[119],"significantly":[120],"improves":[121],"performance.":[124],"average":[126],"accuracy":[127],"exceeds":[132],"96%":[133],"our":[135],"dataset":[136],"95%":[138],"public":[141],"AUC":[142],"dataset.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
