{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205648799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133663","title":"A Novel Four-Arm Planar Spiral Antenna for GNSS Application","display_name":"A Novel Four-Arm Planar Spiral Antenna for GNSS Application","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205648799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3133663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133663","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09641789.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09641789.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030255178","display_name":"Guo Li-li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-4166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, Xi\u2019an 710068, China","National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, Xi'an 710068, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4228-4166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, Xi\u2019an 710068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, Xi'an 710068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101442322","display_name":"Peihua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-4659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802615301","display_name":"China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01z8tr155","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161360","display_name":"Institute of Navigation","ror":"https://ror.org/05rmpy443","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161360"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peihua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, Xi\u2019an 710068, China and 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Corporation, Xi\u2019an 710068, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, Xi'an 710068, China and 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Corporation, Xi'an 710068, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3565-4659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, Xi\u2019an 710068, China and 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Corporation, Xi\u2019an 710068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161360","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation, Xi'an 710068, China and 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Corporation, Xi'an 710068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161360","https://openalex.org/I2802615301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101720806","display_name":"Fanchao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanchao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-1818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083482326","display_name":"Zhiya Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiya Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-8511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102019022","display_name":"Chengbin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3061-8253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengbin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3061-8253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Antennas and Microwaves, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.7436,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97850267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"168899","last_page":"168906"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiral-antenna","display_name":"Spiral antenna","score":0.6401599049568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5247578620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.5192344784736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.510553240776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-measurement","display_name":"Antenna measurement","score":0.5090534090995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.4918961524963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impedance-matching","display_name":"Impedance matching","score":0.47340282797813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4653518795967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standing-wave-ratio","display_name":"Standing wave ratio","score":0.4324015974998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-tuner","display_name":"Antenna tuner","score":0.42289701104164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-factor","display_name":"Antenna factor","score":0.3905008137226105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial-antenna","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","score":0.37445512413978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.36290305852890015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.3318575322628021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.30550020933151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2868002951145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.25088465213775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24582403898239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2222156524658203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780911057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577752","display_name":"Spiral antenna","level":5,"score":0.6401599049568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5247578620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.5192344784736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.510553240776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.5090534090995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.4918961524963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C612350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761108","display_name":"Impedance matching","level":3,"score":0.47340282797813416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4653518795967102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188364","display_name":"Standing wave ratio","level":4,"score":0.4324015974998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119439620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568420","display_name":"Antenna tuner","level":5,"score":0.42289701104164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196931383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771253","display_name":"Antenna factor","level":4,"score":0.3905008137226105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93130614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138671","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","level":4,"score":0.37445512413978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.36290305852890015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.3318575322628021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.30550020933151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2868002951145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.25088465213775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24582403898239136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2222156524658203}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3133663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133663","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09641789.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:19187119e14940f48d0442f5a36d3df2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/19187119e14940f48d0442f5a36d3df2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 168899-168906 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3133663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3133663","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09641789.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8687528961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLIIN-20190101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329788","funder_display_name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329788","display_name":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated and Intelligent Navigation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205648799.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4205648799.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598447459","https://openalex.org/W1968128393","https://openalex.org/W2011586163","https://openalex.org/W2023412501","https://openalex.org/W2039067176","https://openalex.org/W2087847668","https://openalex.org/W2099338266","https://openalex.org/W2110062764","https://openalex.org/W2113109512","https://openalex.org/W2114338282","https://openalex.org/W2118284271","https://openalex.org/W2132896785","https://openalex.org/W2133566967","https://openalex.org/W2138911795","https://openalex.org/W2154919544","https://openalex.org/W2164931384","https://openalex.org/W2168668857","https://openalex.org/W2339669815","https://openalex.org/W2729739947","https://openalex.org/W2770081096","https://openalex.org/W2897196423","https://openalex.org/W2906665599","https://openalex.org/W2910950648","https://openalex.org/W2982343425","https://openalex.org/W6684288006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060492254","https://openalex.org/W1686358238","https://openalex.org/W2318229338","https://openalex.org/W2982710882","https://openalex.org/W2162579758","https://openalex.org/W1983689861","https://openalex.org/W2135998938","https://openalex.org/W2271193523","https://openalex.org/W3110393107","https://openalex.org/W153833644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,11,49,63],"novel":[4,101],"four-arm":[5,124],"planar":[6,125],"spiral":[7,31,126],"antenna":[8,23,114,127],"which":[9],"provides":[10],"perfect":[12],"circular":[13],"polarization":[14],"radiation":[15,32,98,106,143],"for":[16],"Global":[17],"Navigation":[18],"Satellite":[19],"System":[20],"applications.":[21],"The":[22,70,100],"mainly":[24],"consists":[25],"of":[26,39,65,96,112,138],"four":[27],"parts:":[28],"an":[29,34,40,80],"Archimedes":[30],"area,":[33],"impedance":[35,81,91,95,130],"matching":[36,86],"area":[37],"composed":[38],"appropriately":[41],"sized":[42],"metal":[43,71],"coupling":[44,72],"disc":[45,73],"and":[46,57,62,74,92,108,133,140,149],"quasi-coaxial":[47,75],"structures,":[48],"wideband":[50],"four-output-ports":[51],"feed":[52],"network":[53],"with":[54,67],"equal":[55],"magnitude":[56],"consistent":[58],"90\u00b0":[59],"phase":[60,110,150],"shift,":[61],"set":[64],"chokes":[66],"unequal":[68],"height.":[69],"structures":[76],"are":[77],"used":[78],"as":[79],"transformer":[82],"to":[83],"provide":[84],"broadband":[85,116],"between":[87],"the":[88,93,97,105,113,122,129],"50\u03a9":[89],"input":[90],"high":[94],"area.":[99],"choke":[102],"can":[103],"ensure":[104],"characteristics":[107],"stable":[109],"center":[111,151],"in":[115],"range.":[117],"Based":[118],"on":[119],"these":[120],"designs,":[121],"proposed":[123],"shows":[128],"bandwidth":[131,137],"(VSWR<1.5)":[132],"3-dB":[134],"axial":[135],"ratio":[136],"1.1-1.7GHz,":[139],"simultaneously":[141],"realizes":[142],"gain":[144],"greater":[145],"than":[146,155],"7.4":[147],"dBic":[148],"deviation":[152],"(PCD)":[153],"less":[154],"1.5mm.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}