{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206492058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132797","title":"An End-to-End Framework for the Additive Manufacture of Optimized Tubular Structures","display_name":"An End-to-End Framework for the Additive Manufacture of Optimized Tubular Structures","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206492058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3132797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132797","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09635782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09635782.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026236286","display_name":"Jun Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6857-7450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK and College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK and College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014831378","display_name":"Pinelopi Kyvelou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1798-6817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pinelopi Kyvelou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1798-6817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073515743","display_name":"Filippo Gilardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5702-4391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129008","display_name":"MRC Holland (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02wcat891","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129008"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Gilardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["MX3D, Amsterdam, BK, The Netherlands","MX3D, Dynamostraat 46, Amsterdam, 1014BK, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MX3D, Amsterdam, BK, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129008"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MX3D, Dynamostraat 46, Amsterdam, 1014BK, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079846373","display_name":"Hongjia Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2777-3321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjia Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062102033","display_name":"Matthew Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-2839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048001777","display_name":"Leroy Gardner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-6807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leroy Gardner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014831378"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.4771,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":133,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98869563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"165476","last_page":"165489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12190","display_name":"Innovations in Concrete and Construction Materials","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10783","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11006","display_name":"BIM and Construction Integration","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.5632925629615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4962154030799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11027804017066956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.5632925629615784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4962154030799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11027804017066956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3132797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132797","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09635782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:81105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/1363872.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/81105/1/Ye_etal_IEEE_Access_2021_An_end_to_end_framework_for_the_additive_manufacture.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:181986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e6370d8f1aa2443990445ca72028d2b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e6370d8f1aa2443990445ca72028d2b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 165476-165489 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/93153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/93153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5994215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3132797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, vol. 9(SPECIAL SECTION ON METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING), pp. 165476-165489, (2021-12-03)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3132797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132797","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09635782.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6598127553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"820776","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338394","funder_display_name":"European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6616162754","display_name":"Intelligent data-driven pipeline for the manufacturing of certified metal parts through Direct Energy Deposition processes","funder_award_id":"820776","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338394","display_name":"European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206492058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206492058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1711375714","https://openalex.org/W1968939492","https://openalex.org/W1976141779","https://openalex.org/W2052845774","https://openalex.org/W2137726847","https://openalex.org/W2172968110","https://openalex.org/W2222326189","https://openalex.org/W2332808748","https://openalex.org/W2337236277","https://openalex.org/W2587743861","https://openalex.org/W2613944246","https://openalex.org/W2888638077","https://openalex.org/W2900608483","https://openalex.org/W2951388094","https://openalex.org/W2962786957","https://openalex.org/W2998712022","https://openalex.org/W3013475724","https://openalex.org/W3042205812","https://openalex.org/W3082875640","https://openalex.org/W3155538626","https://openalex.org/W3202079765","https://openalex.org/W4200400864","https://openalex.org/W4252763909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2151749779","https://openalex.org/W3179968364","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"additive":[1,139],"manufacturing":[2,103,140],"(AM)":[3],"has":[4,11,161],"been":[5,71,162],"maturing":[6],"for":[7,45,100,117,136,189],"some":[8],"years,":[9],"it":[10],"only":[12],"recently":[13],"started":[14],"to":[15,30,66,91,195],"capture":[16],"the":[17,20,34,38,46,74,77,93,96,118,124,130,145,149,158,184,201,204],"interest":[18],"of":[19,40,48,62,76,95,114,120,129,144,157,166,203],"cost-sensitive":[21],"construction":[22,35],"industry.":[23],"The":[24,155],"research":[25],"presented":[26],"herein":[27],"is":[28,107],"seeking":[29],"integrate":[31],"AM":[32,50,59],"into":[33],"sector":[36],"through":[37],"establishment":[39],"an":[41],"automated":[42],"end-to-end":[43],"framework":[44],"generation":[47],"high-performance":[49],"structures,":[51,98],"combining":[52],"sophisticated":[53],"optimization":[54,87,106,206],"techniques":[55],"with":[56],"cutting":[57],"edge":[58],"methods.":[60],"Trusses":[61],"tubular":[63],"cross-section":[64],"subjected":[65],"different":[67],"load":[68],"cases":[69],"have":[70],"selected":[72],"as":[73],"demonstrators":[75],"proposed":[78,205],"framework.":[79,207],"Optimization":[80],"studies,":[81],"featuring":[82],"numerical":[83],"layout":[84],"and":[85,102,153,170],"geometry":[86],"techniques,":[88],"are":[89,133,151],"employed":[90],"obtain":[92],"topology":[94],"examined":[97],"accounting":[99],"practical":[101],"constraints.":[104],"Cross-section":[105],"subsequently":[108],"undertaken,":[109],"followed":[110],"by":[111,164],"a":[112],"series":[113],"geometric":[115],"operations":[116],"design":[119],"free-form":[121],"joints":[122],"connecting":[123],"optimized":[125,131,159,191],"members.":[126],"Solid":[127],"models":[128],"designs":[132,160],"then":[134],"exported":[135],"wire":[137],"arc":[138],"(WAAM).":[141],"Following":[142],"determination":[143],"optimal":[146],"printing":[147],"sequence,":[148],"trusses":[150,192],"printed":[152],"inspected.":[154],"efficiency":[156,181],"assessed":[163],"means":[165],"finite":[167],"element":[168],"modelling":[169],"compared":[171,194],"against":[172],"equivalent":[173,197],"conventional":[174],"designs.":[175],"More":[176],"than":[177],"200%":[178],"increases":[179],"in":[180,183],"(reflected":[182],"capacity-to-mass":[185],"ratios)":[186],"were":[187],"achieved":[188],"all":[190],"(when":[193],"their":[196],"reference":[198],"designs),":[199],"demonstrating":[200],"effectiveness":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
