{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216943153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132614","title":"Demand Response Analogues for Residential Loads in Natural Gas Networks","display_name":"Demand Response Analogues for Residential Loads in Natural Gas Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216943153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132614","mag":"3216943153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3132614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132614","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09635760.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09635760.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049050912","display_name":"Fuyu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-6801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4817-6801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089035110","display_name":"Kaarthik Sundar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-449X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaarthik Sundar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA. (e-mail: kaarthik01sundar@gmail.com)","Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-449X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA. (e-mail: kaarthik01sundar@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019329403","display_name":"Shriram Srinivasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-3668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shriram Srinivasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Mathematics and Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-3668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Mathematics and Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088880250","display_name":"Russell Bent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-151X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell Bent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Mathematics and Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-151X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Mathematics and Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4917,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64188615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"161978","last_page":"161990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.9010093808174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermostat","display_name":"Thermostat","score":0.7120327949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas","display_name":"Natural gas","score":0.5988568663597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.5890200138092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5842945575714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.5587410926818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5560697913169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peak-demand","display_name":"Peak demand","score":0.5390498042106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","score":0.47993046045303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.4742904305458069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.45366790890693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.443990021944046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-demand","display_name":"Dynamic demand","score":0.43875935673713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4359118342399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.31491756439208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2450111210346222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20944538712501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17248591780662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.14465183019638062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.9010093808174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187819001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187665","display_name":"Thermostat","level":2,"score":0.7120327949523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.5988568663597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5890200138092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5842945575714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.5587410926818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5560697913169861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147940328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3393666","display_name":"Peak demand","level":3,"score":0.5390498042106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.47993046045303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4742904305458069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.45366790890693665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.443990021944046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45872418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318966","display_name":"Dynamic demand","level":3,"score":0.43875935673713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4359118342399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31491756439208984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2450111210346222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20944538712501526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17248591780662537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.14465183019638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3132614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132614","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09635760.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0fd921cd5bf342648b55cd5d1e00ac5e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0fd921cd5bf342648b55cd5d1e00ac5e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 161978-161990 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1835621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1835621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1835622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1835622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3132614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132614","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09635760.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2776190829","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract No. 89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4748082740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract No. 89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6995210142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7500863821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7977534188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","funder_display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8659807574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8770029225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 89233218CNA000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","funder_display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216943153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216943153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1170078440","https://openalex.org/W1487127700","https://openalex.org/W1969978388","https://openalex.org/W1975003585","https://openalex.org/W1979369792","https://openalex.org/W1992887976","https://openalex.org/W1995174009","https://openalex.org/W2003973373","https://openalex.org/W2045819767","https://openalex.org/W2057868964","https://openalex.org/W2120575449","https://openalex.org/W2144711546","https://openalex.org/W2189658502","https://openalex.org/W2327685928","https://openalex.org/W2341488087","https://openalex.org/W2398399114","https://openalex.org/W2511279853","https://openalex.org/W2543347014","https://openalex.org/W2589281409","https://openalex.org/W2589489991","https://openalex.org/W2735514604","https://openalex.org/W2775633518","https://openalex.org/W2783105759","https://openalex.org/W2792742203","https://openalex.org/W2802303202","https://openalex.org/W2896809142","https://openalex.org/W2905808866","https://openalex.org/W2906387210","https://openalex.org/W2942577785","https://openalex.org/W2942880712","https://openalex.org/W2962794948","https://openalex.org/W2981587133","https://openalex.org/W2998475110","https://openalex.org/W3022996738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008601697","https://openalex.org/W2976249449","https://openalex.org/W2522559011","https://openalex.org/W2392147676","https://openalex.org/W2555175041","https://openalex.org/W2591208647","https://openalex.org/W4239297229","https://openalex.org/W3148529893","https://openalex.org/W2888353983","https://openalex.org/W4239205706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Demand":[0],"response":[1,47,90,96,110,145],"for":[2,48,80,147,186],"electrical":[3,93],"power":[4,50],"networks":[5,99],"is":[6],"a":[7,34,137,142],"mature":[8],"field":[9],"that":[10,111,170],"has":[11,39],"yielded":[12],"numerous":[13],"efficiency":[14],"and":[15,22,125,153,181],"resilience":[16,116],"benefits":[17],"like":[18],"managing":[19],"the":[20,40,43,78,115,162,183,193,199],"peaks":[21],"valleys":[23],"of":[24,42,59,117,164,188],"electricity":[25,30],"usage,":[26,31],"reduction":[27],"in":[28,51,92,97],"peak":[29,102,123,203],"to":[32,45,55,75,108,140,174,201,212],"name":[33],"few.":[35],"However,":[36,87],"only":[37],"recently":[38],"study":[41],"counterpart":[44],"demand":[46,89,95,109,144,204],"electric":[49],"natural":[52,118,148],"gas":[53,62,98,119,149,184],"started":[54],"receive":[56],"similar":[57],"levels":[58],"attention.":[60],"Natural":[61],"systems":[63,74,120],"are":[64],"increasingly":[65],"operating":[66],"at":[67],"or":[68],"near":[69],"capacity,":[70],"which":[71],"challenges":[72],"these":[73],"meet":[76],"all":[77],"needs":[79],"gas,":[81],"especially":[82],"during":[83],"severe":[84],"winter":[85],"weather.":[86],"unlike":[88],"programs":[91],"networks,":[94],"cannot":[100],"shift":[101],"usage.":[103],"Here,":[104],"we":[105],"develop":[106],"analogues":[107],"can":[112,132],"help":[113],"improve":[114],"by":[121,205],"reducing":[122],"consumption":[124,185],"thereby":[126],"limiting":[127],"potential":[128],"disruptions":[129],"such":[130],"events":[131],"cause.":[133],"This":[134],"paper":[135],"develops":[136],"mathematical":[138,159],"formulation":[139,160,194],"support":[141],"residential-level":[143],"analogue":[146],"based":[150],"on":[151],"current":[152],"anticipated":[154],"smart":[155],"thermostat":[156],"technologies.":[157],"The":[158],"takes":[161],"form":[163],"an":[165],"optimal":[166],"control":[167],"problem":[168],"(OCP)":[169],"leverages":[171],"physics":[172],"constraints":[173],"model":[175],"temperature":[176],"changes,":[177],"balance":[178],"equitable":[179,210],"service,":[180],"optimize":[182],"collections":[187],"houses.":[189],"On":[190],"test":[191],"problems,":[192],"demonstrates":[195],"significant":[196],"benefits,":[197],"including":[198],"ability":[200],"cut":[202],"15%":[206],"while":[207],"still":[208],"ensuring":[209],"service":[211],"customers.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}