{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216956129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3131729","title":"An Efficient Short High-Order Non-Binary LDPC Decoder Architecture Using a Message-Adaptation EMS Algorithm","display_name":"An Efficient Short High-Order Non-Binary LDPC Decoder Architecture Using a Message-Adaptation EMS Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216956129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3131729","mag":"3216956129"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3131729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3131729","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09631210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09631210.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023770902","display_name":"Wei-Xiang Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Xiang Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047157533","display_name":"Ting-An Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-An Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041597479","display_name":"Huang\u2013Chang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-9383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173093425","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huang-Chang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-9383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067525070","display_name":"Mao-Ruei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-9078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mao-Ruei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6116-9078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048130890","display_name":"Yeong-Luh Ueng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yeong-Luh Ueng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and the Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. (e-mail: ylueng@ee.nthu.edu.tw)","Department of Electrical Engineering and the Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3438-0385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan. (e-mail: ylueng@ee.nthu.edu.tw)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and the Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048130890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71553039,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"161520","last_page":"161532"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-density-parity-check-code","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","score":0.8383535742759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7434912919998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-decision-decoder","display_name":"Soft-decision decoder","score":0.7341749668121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6803032755851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5701488256454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5662565231323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5510106086730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.46580415964126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.42215657234191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truncation","display_name":"Truncation (statistics)","score":0.4113699495792389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34856218099594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.15174832940101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12914711236953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.12864619493484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10918951034545898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67692717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187444","display_name":"Low-density parity-check code","level":3,"score":0.8383535742759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434912919998169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185588885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553811","display_name":"Soft-decision decoder","level":3,"score":0.7341749668121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6803032755851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5701488256454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5662565231323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5510106086730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.46580415964126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.42215657234191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106195933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7847935","display_name":"Truncation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4113699495792389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34856218099594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.15174832940101624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12914711236953735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.12864619493484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10918951034545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3131729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3131729","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09631210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:867bbe6483474d55a8aa603db15f9d84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/867bbe6483474d55a8aa603db15f9d84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 161520-161532 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3131729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3131729","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09631210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5583745349","display_name":"Coded Multiple Access: a Channel Coding Approach","funder_award_id":"MOST109-2221-E007-092-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5915356460","display_name":"Channel Coding for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications","funder_award_id":"MOST107-2221-E007-017-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216956129.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216956129.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966882038","https://openalex.org/W1972376710","https://openalex.org/W1982157988","https://openalex.org/W2012516154","https://openalex.org/W2032222394","https://openalex.org/W2080266722","https://openalex.org/W2092488550","https://openalex.org/W2109866575","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2135764410","https://openalex.org/W2143687662","https://openalex.org/W2144387969","https://openalex.org/W2154887764","https://openalex.org/W2173776306","https://openalex.org/W2185447882","https://openalex.org/W2318331080","https://openalex.org/W2334005616","https://openalex.org/W2472024984","https://openalex.org/W2596479006","https://openalex.org/W2764040517","https://openalex.org/W2888890405","https://openalex.org/W2913170684","https://openalex.org/W2946359650","https://openalex.org/W2947471541","https://openalex.org/W3030600240","https://openalex.org/W3044551593","https://openalex.org/W3047617490","https://openalex.org/W3119089197","https://openalex.org/W6788210115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154078079","https://openalex.org/W4244085088","https://openalex.org/W406587413","https://openalex.org/W2141913236","https://openalex.org/W2980068837","https://openalex.org/W2124455219","https://openalex.org/W2353338231","https://openalex.org/W2035769530","https://openalex.org/W2064674583","https://openalex.org/W2098872742"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Short":[0],"non-binary":[1,28],"(NB)":[2],"low-density":[3],"parity-check":[4],"(LDPC)":[5],"codes":[6],"provide":[7,139],"excellent":[8],"error":[9],"rate":[10],"performance":[11,163],"compared":[12,170],"to":[13,96,158,171],"their":[14],"binary":[15],"counterparts.":[16],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"presents":[19],"an":[20,147],"efficient":[21],"layered":[22],"decoder":[23,113,129,155],"architecture":[24],"for":[25],"short":[26],"high-order":[27],"LDPC":[29,128],"codes.":[30],"A":[31,65],"hardware-friendly":[32],"message-adaptation":[33],"extended":[34],"Min-Sum":[35],"(MA-EMS)":[36],"algorithm":[37],"is":[38,75,92,130,156],"proposed,":[39],"where":[40],"a":[41,70,124,133,140,160,165],"variety":[42,71],"of":[43,55,72,101,111,142,149],"truncation":[44,73],"sizes":[45,74],"and":[46,58,145,164],"message":[47],"compressions":[48],"are":[49],"used,":[50],"such":[51,78],"that":[52,68,79],"the":[53,59,80,98,109,112,172],"number":[54,100],"decoding":[56,102],"cycles":[57],"storage":[60],"requirements":[61],"can":[62,83,106,138],"be":[63,84],"reduced.":[64],"configurable":[66],"design":[67],"supports":[69],"also":[76],"proposed":[77,153],"hardware":[81],"efficiency":[82,169],"significantly":[85],"increased.":[86],"An":[87],"early":[88],"termination":[89],"(ET)":[90],"scheme":[91],"used":[93],"so":[94],"as":[95],"decrease":[97],"required":[99],"cycles.":[103],"These":[104],"techniques":[105],"greatly":[107],"reduce":[108],"complexity":[110],"with":[114],"almost":[115],"no":[116],"loss":[117],"in":[118,132],"performance.":[119],"To":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"these":[122],"techniques,":[123],"(64,":[125],"32)":[126],"256-ary":[127],"implemented":[131],"90":[134],"nm":[135],"process,":[136],"which":[137],"throughput":[141],"322.9":[143],"Mbps":[144],"occupies":[146],"area":[148,168],"6.74":[150],"mm2.":[151],"The":[152],"MA-EMS":[154],"able":[157],"achieve":[159],"similar":[161],"error-rate":[162],"much":[166],"better":[167],"original":[173],"EMS":[174],"decoder.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
