{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216709810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130552","title":"MEXchange: A Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-Based Framework for Health Information Exchange Using Ring Signature and Stealth Address","display_name":"MEXchange: A Privacy-Preserving Blockchain-Based Framework for Health Information Exchange Using Ring Signature and Stealth Address","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216709810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130552","mag":"3216709810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130552","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09627166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09627166.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041798630","display_name":"Deoksang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-3172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deoksang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-3172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087486578","display_name":"Minseok Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6813-8853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minseok Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea and Open Innovation Bigdata Center, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea. (e-mail: mssong@postech.ac.kr)","Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea","Open Innovation Bigdata Center, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6813-8853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea and Open Innovation Bigdata Center, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea. (e-mail: mssong@postech.ac.kr)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial & Management Engineering, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Open Innovation Bigdata Center, POSTECH (Pohang University of Science and Technology), Pohang, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087486578"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.2158,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97468171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"158122","last_page":"158139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8143818378448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6968899965286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6799273490905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information-exchange","display_name":"Health information exchange","score":0.6146578788757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.5174337029457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5039350390434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workflow","display_name":"Workflow","score":0.46436259150505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.44129276275634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3768737018108368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-information","display_name":"Health information","score":0.1560688614845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10637706518173218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8143818378448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6968899965286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6799273490905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778759051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5691085","display_name":"Health information exchange","level":4,"score":0.6146578788757324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.5174337029457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5039350390434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.46436259150505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.44129276275634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3768737018108368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982795734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870895","display_name":"Health information","level":3,"score":0.1560688614845276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10637706518173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130552","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09627166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4a1adaad90da4b85b7b3952ef9995c3e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4a1adaad90da4b85b7b3952ef9995c3e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 158122-158139 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/107705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/107705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130552","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09627166.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G266217951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3470729221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2018-0-01441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7667055914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2018-0-01441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216709810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216709810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510275011","https://openalex.org/W1833893427","https://openalex.org/W1989452396","https://openalex.org/W2025017662","https://openalex.org/W2126762719","https://openalex.org/W2129483619","https://openalex.org/W2251848760","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2538325702","https://openalex.org/W2591756426","https://openalex.org/W2606002995","https://openalex.org/W2791935104","https://openalex.org/W2802745431","https://openalex.org/W2811112224","https://openalex.org/W2886332328","https://openalex.org/W2899742646","https://openalex.org/W2910972514","https://openalex.org/W2912503943","https://openalex.org/W2919061719","https://openalex.org/W2941500078","https://openalex.org/W2963176735","https://openalex.org/W2963993810","https://openalex.org/W2979990733","https://openalex.org/W2996452324","https://openalex.org/W3049532577","https://openalex.org/W6630667832","https://openalex.org/W6761873010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4396713893","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W4396636834","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4396241386","https://openalex.org/W4399333949","https://openalex.org/W4285166115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Health":[0,165],"information":[1,14],"exchange":[2],"(HIE)":[3],"refers":[4],"to":[5,33,199],"the":[6,70,82,97,102,131,143,156,159,185,200],"integrated":[7],"management":[8],"and":[9,22,44,59,77,104,112,118,126,146,193,209],"secure":[10],"sharing":[11],"of":[12,79,128,148,158,161,202],"health":[13],"among":[15,212],"healthcare":[16,20,24,213],"entities.":[17],"HIE":[18,46,55,65,94,204],"improves":[19],"quality":[21],"streamline":[23],"administrative":[25],"work.":[26],"These":[27],"advantages":[28],"have":[29,52],"propelled":[30],"health-care":[31],"stakeholders":[32],"implement":[34],"HIE.":[35,123],"However,":[36],"challenged":[37],"by":[38,74,100,141,206],"issues":[39,72,211],"such":[40],"as":[41],"security,":[42],"privacy,":[43],"costs,":[45],"is":[47],"not":[48,68],"widespread.":[49],"Recent":[50],"studies":[51,66],"suggested":[53],"blockchain-based":[54,64,92,203],"for":[56,121,164],"solving":[57],"security":[58,210],"privacy":[60,71,98,208],"issues.":[61],"Unfortunately,":[62],"existing":[63],"do":[67],"consider":[69],"caused":[73],"analyzing":[75],"senders":[76],"receivers":[78],"transactions":[80],"in":[81],"blockchain.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85],"work,":[86],"we":[87,151,170,178],"suggest":[88],"MEXchange,":[89],"a":[90],"novel":[91],"privacypreserving":[93],"that":[95,114],"prevents":[96],"issue":[99],"obscuring":[101],"sender":[103],"concealing":[105],"receiver":[106],"addresses.":[107],"We":[108,137],"propose":[109],"smart":[110],"contracts":[111],"workflow":[113],"use":[115],"ring":[116],"signature":[117],"stealth":[119],"address":[120],"blockchainbased":[122],"Software":[124],"components":[125],"implementation":[127],"MEXchange":[129,139,153,180,196],"on":[130,175],"Ethereum":[132],"private":[133],"network":[134],"are":[135],"discussed.":[136],"evaluate":[138,152],"quantitatively":[140],"measuring":[142],"transaction":[144],"latency":[145],"throughput":[147],"exchanging.":[149],"Also,":[150],"qualitatively":[154],"using":[155],"requirements":[157],"Office":[160],"National":[162],"Coordinator":[163],"Information":[166],"Technology":[167],"(ONC).":[168],"Moreover,":[169],"proceed":[171],"threat":[172],"modeling":[173],"based":[174],"STRIDE.":[176],"Finally,":[177],"compare":[179],"with":[181],"Ancile,":[182],"FHIRChain,":[183],"Integrating":[184],"Healthcare":[186],"Enterprise":[187],"Cross-Enterprise":[188],"Document":[189],"Sharing":[190],"(IHE":[191],"XDS),":[192],"MedRec.":[194],"The":[195],"lowers":[197],"barriers":[198],"application":[201],"systems":[205],"mitigating":[207],"stakeholders.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
