{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215200515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130495","title":"Vehicle Security: A Survey of Security Issues and Vulnerabilities, Malware Attacks and Defenses","display_name":"Vehicle Security: A Survey of Security Issues and Vulnerabilities, Malware Attacks and Defenses","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215200515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130495","mag":"3215200515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130495","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09625934.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09625934.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000755585","display_name":"Abdulrahman Abu Elkhail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6199-6468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Abu Elkhail","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6199-6468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071065536","display_name":"Rafi Ud Daula Refat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-3244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafi Ud Daula Refat","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3812-3244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080407747","display_name":"Ricardo Habre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Habre","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-9004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081212446","display_name":"Azeem Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8855-6158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azeem Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8855-6158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063672961","display_name":"Anys Bacha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anys Bacha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn. (e-mail: bacha@umich.edu)","University of Michigan -Dearborn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6711-1280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn. (e-mail: bacha@umich.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan -Dearborn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033599238","display_name":"Hafiz Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-3888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-3888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan \u2013 Dearborn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000755585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.9472,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97856952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"162401","last_page":"162437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8218414187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7925353050231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7170635461807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-bug","display_name":"Security bug","score":0.43391984701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.3609471321105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3350401818752289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.2749890089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.2184288203716278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8218414187431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7925353050231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7170635461807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131275738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445023","display_name":"Security bug","level":5,"score":0.43391984701156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.3609471321105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3350401818752289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.2749890089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.2184288203716278}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130495","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09625934.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:797f9d4f97ba429cbfc8a0590f9c2610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/797f9d4f97ba429cbfc8a0590f9c2610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 162401-162437 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130495","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130495","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09625934.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4303668816","display_name":"CRII: SaTC: An Integrated Treatment of Ransomware Through Microarchitecture and Software Solutions","funder_award_id":"1947580","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G648439791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1947580","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7330495919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2035770","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215200515.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215200515.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":235,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27630839","https://openalex.org/W36091977","https://openalex.org/W87635799","https://openalex.org/W94505116","https://openalex.org/W200681053","https://openalex.org/W433644524","https://openalex.org/W647459346","https://openalex.org/W1000383497","https://openalex.org/W1489059369","https://openalex.org/W1489073918","https://openalex.org/W1512561322","https://openalex.org/W1513639492","https://openalex.org/W1545056863","https://openalex.org/W1565782630","https://openalex.org/W1593865393","https://openalex.org/W1594370752","https://openalex.org/W1595564425","https://openalex.org/W1598700299","https://openalex.org/W1603502149","https://openalex.org/W1629374427","https://openalex.org/W1633644964","https://openalex.org/W1893133781","https://openalex.org/W1902442433","https://openalex.org/W1930856805","https://openalex.org/W1965662749","https://openalex.org/W1966948031","https://openalex.org/W1967581020","https://openalex.org/W1973211701","https://openalex.org/W1973403081","https://openalex.org/W1975357770","https://openalex.org/W1992900191","https://openalex.org/W1993470778","https://openalex.org/W1996975221","https://openalex.org/W1998188341","https://openalex.org/W2000052253","https://openalex.org/W2000223272","https://openalex.org/W2000441249","https://openalex.org/W2002978831","https://openalex.org/W2005662348","https://openalex.org/W2006071261","https://openalex.org/W2009765199","https://openalex.org/W2010065958","https://openalex.org/W2011582944","https://openalex.org/W2013346350","https://openalex.org/W2014395806","https://openalex.org/W2020880787","https://openalex.org/W2021264330","https://openalex.org/W2023945984","https://openalex.org/W2034601083","https://openalex.org/W2041276426","https://openalex.org/W2043691584","https://openalex.org/W2043837581","https://openalex.org/W2045880951","https://openalex.org/W2053001225","https://openalex.org/W2054093027","https://openalex.org/W2055716572","https://openalex.org/W2056127986","https://openalex.org/W2057787526","https://openalex.org/W2059362538","https://openalex.org/W2059780777","https://openalex.org/W2065823359","https://openalex.org/W2066220442","https://openalex.org/W2068211976","https://openalex.org/W2069268700","https://openalex.org/W2070268576","https://openalex.org/W2074222960","https://openalex.org/W2077709713","https://openalex.org/W2078266257","https://openalex.org/W2079215333","https://openalex.org/W2080025282","https://openalex.org/W2084979543","https://openalex.org/W2085807744","https://openalex.org/W2091088253","https://openalex.org/W2096279841","https://openalex.org/W2110889728","https://openalex.org/W2113693268","https://openalex.org/W2116520617","https://openalex.org/W2121192848","https://openalex.org/W2122686415","https://openalex.org/W2131523719","https://openalex.org/W2133854595","https://openalex.org/W2138086650","https://openalex.org/W2138170080","https://openalex.org/W2138471478","https://openalex.org/W2138828804","https://openalex.org/W2148542813","https://openalex.org/W2149058258","https://openalex.org/W2150188172","https://openalex.org/W2150795982","https://openalex.org/W2154223969","https://openalex.org/W2154529672","https://openalex.org/W2167709574","https://openalex.org/W2191468669","https://openalex.org/W2237959143","https://openalex.org/W2246811656","https://openalex.org/W2255223209","https://openalex.org/W2256319980","https://openalex.org/W2261354734","https://openalex.org/W2266933102","https://openalex.org/W2294227916","https://openalex.org/W2296701710","https://openalex.org/W2304489333","https://openalex.org/W2312586861","https://openalex.org/W2332129570","https://openalex.org/W2336362980","https://openalex.org/W2337845997","https://openalex.org/W2432142698","https://openalex.org/W2444115772","https://openalex.org/W2464037380","https://openalex.org/W2470502009","https://openalex.org/W2486047736","https://openalex.org/W2503221436","https://openalex.org/W2514077746","https://openalex.org/W2517554157","https://openalex.org/W2521705161","https://openalex.org/W2531245011","https://openalex.org/W2548890084","https://openalex.org/W2557385690","https://openalex.org/W2560624365","https://openalex.org/W2591133720","https://openalex.org/W2592391525","https://openalex.org/W2595837082","https://openalex.org/W2597561986","https://openalex.org/W2598939142","https://openalex.org/W2600788550","https://openalex.org/W2604079157","https://openalex.org/W2606250847","https://openalex.org/W2609225916","https://openalex.org/W2614042168","https://openalex.org/W2621187857","https://openalex.org/W2626320814","https://openalex.org/W2732916693","https://openalex.org/W2735951779","https://openalex.org/W2746620120","https://openalex.org/W2751702350","https://openalex.org/W2764179821","https://openalex.org/W2765274696","https://openalex.org/W2766493169","https://openalex.org/W2767020126","https://openalex.org/W2771179281","https://openalex.org/W2772766517","https://openalex.org/W2778638786","https://openalex.org/W2780291461","https://openalex.org/W2786080675","https://openalex.org/W2790461669","https://openalex.org/W2790772609","https://openalex.org/W2792618813","https://openalex.org/W2801305544","https://openalex.org/W2805500650","https://openalex.org/W2807071901","https://openalex.org/W2807354431","https://openalex.org/W2868191876","https://openalex.org/W2889057570","https://openalex.org/W2891526102","https://openalex.org/W2895533396","https://openalex.org/W2897385569","https://openalex.org/W2897929592","https://openalex.org/W2899182962","https://openalex.org/W2899639977","https://openalex.org/W2904613432","https://openalex.org/W2912135847","https://openalex.org/W2935839804","https://openalex.org/W2940529342","https://openalex.org/W2941199301","https://openalex.org/W2945027786","https://openalex.org/W2945832014","https://openalex.org/W2946416612","https://openalex.org/W2948384692","https://openalex.org/W2953931649","https://openalex.org/W2958775402","https://openalex.org/W2963165251","https://openalex.org/W2964010649","https://openalex.org/W2964052849","https://openalex.org/W2969849145","https://openalex.org/W2970588580","https://openalex.org/W2971982318","https://openalex.org/W2989230094","https://openalex.org/W2998074434","https://openalex.org/W3004549544","https://openalex.org/W3007346474","https://openalex.org/W3007406851","https://openalex.org/W3012648522","https://openalex.org/W3020335785","https://openalex.org/W3023495226","https://openalex.org/W3030531411","https://openalex.org/W3034280449","https://openalex.org/W3042693420","https://openalex.org/W3066421834","https://openalex.org/W3082364352","https://openalex.org/W3082575476","https://openalex.org/W3083161653","https://openalex.org/W3085659883","https://openalex.org/W3091724539","https://openalex.org/W3092232275","https://openalex.org/W3092624764","https://openalex.org/W3095634879","https://openalex.org/W3102406764","https://openalex.org/W3102780856","https://openalex.org/W3118507196","https://openalex.org/W3160751779","https://openalex.org/W3161095254","https://openalex.org/W3161794458","https://openalex.org/W3163053370","https://openalex.org/W3167818199","https://openalex.org/W3189341947","https://openalex.org/W3194192366","https://openalex.org/W3196006413","https://openalex.org/W3197788255","https://openalex.org/W4244508735","https://openalex.org/W4287758775","https://openalex.org/W4300972744","https://openalex.org/W6601139416","https://openalex.org/W6603557143","https://openalex.org/W6603836601","https://openalex.org/W6608206699","https://openalex.org/W6629194058","https://openalex.org/W6635470410","https://openalex.org/W6635964868","https://openalex.org/W6655456423","https://openalex.org/W6693603585","https://openalex.org/W6717848421","https://openalex.org/W6719536112","https://openalex.org/W6737892506","https://openalex.org/W6739514449","https://openalex.org/W6743375288","https://openalex.org/W6744657187","https://openalex.org/W6745762419","https://openalex.org/W6747636186","https://openalex.org/W6759433432","https://openalex.org/W6762875752","https://openalex.org/W6765741601","https://openalex.org/W6780139297","https://openalex.org/W6784471510","https://openalex.org/W6801297486","https://openalex.org/W7037184471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W1643546019","https://openalex.org/W2167151567","https://openalex.org/W4252666863","https://openalex.org/W4210648132","https://openalex.org/W3007346474","https://openalex.org/W4372267737","https://openalex.org/W2113607124","https://openalex.org/W1665290042","https://openalex.org/W3176479423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2],"led":[3],"the":[4,7,52,91,105,122,137,163,207,227],"path":[5],"to":[6,48,62,112,200,216],"evolution":[8],"of":[9,27,40,95,125,136,158,165,180,229],"automotive":[10],"technology":[11],"and":[12,23,143,148,162,191,210],"with":[13,69,104,140,206],"these":[14,96],"new":[15,77,244],"developments,":[16],"modern":[17,70,126,171],"vehicles":[18,71,219,250],"are":[19,36,46,60,67,240],"getting":[20],"increasingly":[21],"astute":[22],"offering":[24],"growing":[25],"quantities":[26],"innovative":[28],"applications":[29],"that":[30,66,80,93,119,150,224,246],"cover":[31],"various":[32,64,145],"functionalities.":[33],"These":[34],"functionalities":[35],"controlled":[37],"by":[38,84,90],"hundreds":[39],"Electronic":[41],"Control":[42,53],"Units":[43],"(ECUs)":[44],"which":[45],"connected":[47],"each":[49],"other":[50],"via":[51],"Area":[54],"Network":[55],"(CAN)":[56],"bus.":[57],"Although":[58],"ECUs":[59,97],"designed":[61],"offer":[63],"amenities":[65],"associated":[68,139],"including":[72],"comfort,":[73],"such":[74,115,152,184],"features":[75],"expose":[76],"attack":[78],"surfaces":[79],"can":[81,120,213,225,247],"be":[82,214],"harnessed":[83],"attackers.":[85],"This":[86,173],"trend":[87],"is":[88],"exacerbated":[89],"fact":[92],"many":[94],"rely":[98],"on":[99],"wireless":[100],"communication":[101],"for":[102,169,237],"interacting":[103],"outside":[106],"world.":[107],"Therefore,":[108],"making":[109],"them":[110],"vulnerable":[111],"common":[113],"threats":[114,223],"as":[116],"malware":[117,160,222,253],"injection":[118],"compromise":[121,226],"overall":[123],"security":[124,146,228],"vehicles.":[127,172,231],"In":[128],"this":[129,197],"paper,":[130],"we":[131],"provide":[132,155],"a":[133,177],"detailed":[134,178],"description":[135],"architecture":[138],"intelligent":[141,218,249],"vehicles,":[142],"identify":[144],"issues":[147],"vulnerabilities":[149],"impact":[151],"systems.":[153],"We":[154],"an":[156],"overview":[157],"different":[159],"types":[161],"vectors":[164],"attacks":[166,185],"they":[167,212],"leverage":[168],"infecting":[170],"work":[174],"also":[175,233],"presents":[176],"survey":[179],"available":[181,208],"defenses":[182,209,245],"against":[183,220,252],"including:":[186],"signature,":[187],"behavior,":[188],"heuristic,":[189],"cloud,":[190],"machine":[192],"learning-based":[193],"detection":[194],"measures.":[195],"Furthermore,":[196],"paper":[198],"intends":[199],"assist":[201],"researchers":[202,238],"in":[203,242],"becoming":[204],"familiar":[205],"how":[211],"applied":[215],"secure":[217],"emerging":[221],"today\u2019s":[230],"It":[232],"provides":[234],"future":[235],"directions":[236],"who":[239],"interested":[241],"developing":[243],"safeguard":[248],"systems":[251],"attacks.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
