{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4212838433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429","title":"A Novel Approach for User Equipment Indoor/Outdoor Classification in Mobile Networks","display_name":"A Novel Approach for User Equipment Indoor/Outdoor Classification in Mobile Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4212838433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09626002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09626002.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038933915","display_name":"Pedro Alves","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010345897","display_name":"Thaina Saraiva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6881-2959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thaina Saraiva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Celfinet, Consultoria em Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lda., R. Jo\u00e3o Chagas 53, 1495-764 Cruz Quebrada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Celfinet, Consultoria em Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lda., R. Jo\u00e3o Chagas 53, 1495-764 Cruz Quebrada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061814910","display_name":"Mar\u00edlia Barandas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9445-4809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marilia Barandas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111265522","display_name":"David Duarte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6157-3519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Duarte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Celfinet, Consultoria em Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lda., R. Jo\u00e3o Chagas 53, 1495-764 Cruz Quebrada and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7C5es (IT), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Celfinet, Consultoria em Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Lda., R. Jo\u00e3o Chagas 53, 1495-764 Cruz Quebrada and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7C5es (IT), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082172390","display_name":"Dinis Moreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0719-6096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157425","display_name":"Fraunhofer Portugal Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05eqk2j25","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinis Moreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102001231","display_name":"Ricardo Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4478-2476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037650964","display_name":"Ricardo Leonardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2695-4462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Leonardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038205194","display_name":"Hugo Gamb\u00f4a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Gamboa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal and Laborat\u00f3rio de Instrumenta\u00e7\u00e3o, Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica e F\u00edsica da Radia\u00e7\u00e3o (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), Monte da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081258184","display_name":"Pedro Vieira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0279-8741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Vieira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), R. Conselheiro Em\u00eddio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es (IT), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Torre Norte - Piso 10, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038933915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157425"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85163693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"162671","last_page":"162686"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8179656863212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5308595299720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5188985466957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4809917211532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4730207920074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4708642065525055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46490228176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4089999496936798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21818727254867554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8179656863212585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5308595299720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5188985466957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4809917211532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4730207920074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4708642065525055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46490228176116943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4089999496936798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21818727254867554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09626002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:afaa89ff08134e6e9aa2f50fecac6a91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/afaa89ff08134e6e9aa2f50fecac6a91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 162671-162686 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-647477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-647477.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer AICOS","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:null:publica/416035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/416035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ipl.pt:10400.21/14783","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10400.21/14783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400762","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3rio Cient\u00edfico do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa (Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","host_organization_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/132907","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/132907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400678","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa's Repository (Universidade Nova de Lisboa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","host_organization_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130429","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09626002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1076797115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"co-funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1167214205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G160550121","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-FEDER-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2631452109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(ERDF)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G274581676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3491971210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"COMPETE 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3875748329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Regional Development Fund","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4070304056","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-0247-FEDER-033479","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4447653093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Network","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4455079242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"POCI-01-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G495392292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4977106383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8538941428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Regional Development Fund","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212838433.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4212838433.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W990742350","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2092371799","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2148633389","https://openalex.org/W2169030369","https://openalex.org/W2522768086","https://openalex.org/W2553223022","https://openalex.org/W2608146202","https://openalex.org/W2622272405","https://openalex.org/W2767979715","https://openalex.org/W2796809913","https://openalex.org/W2800960155","https://openalex.org/W2895853020","https://openalex.org/W2904515736","https://openalex.org/W2913042802","https://openalex.org/W2914223179","https://openalex.org/W2914555649","https://openalex.org/W2921698889","https://openalex.org/W2943570773","https://openalex.org/W2944948262","https://openalex.org/W2982007490","https://openalex.org/W3099400301","https://openalex.org/W3127355490","https://openalex.org/W3155405202","https://openalex.org/W4205565670","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6750697148","https://openalex.org/W6790359544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W1969901537","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W2376202349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103,148,179],"ability":[1,38],"to":[2,21,39,62,96,118,184],"locate":[3],"users":[4],"and":[5,23,157,175],"estimate":[6],"traffic":[7,44],"in":[8],"mobile":[9],"networks":[10],"is":[11,30],"still":[12],"one":[13],"of":[14],"the":[15,25,37,100,123,134,145,158,187,191],"major":[16],"challenges":[17],"when":[18],"it":[19],"comes":[20],"planning":[22],"optimizing":[24],"networks.":[26],"Since":[27],"indoor":[28,41,68],"location":[29],"not":[31],"always":[32],"possible":[33],"or":[34,69],"precise,":[35],"having":[36],"distinguish":[40],"from":[42,74,99,114,144,182],"outdoor":[43],"can":[45],"be":[46],"a":[47,64,75,94,129,153,162],"valuable":[48],"alternative":[49],"and/or":[50],"improvement.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"two":[55,85],"different":[56,86,111],"machine":[57,173],"learning":[58,174,177],"algorithms":[59],"are":[60],"presented":[61],"classify":[63],"user\u2019s":[65,101],"environment,":[66],"whether":[67],"outdoor,":[70],"using":[71],"only":[72,126],"data":[73,98,140],"Long":[76,163],"Term":[77,165],"Evolution":[78],"(LTE)":[79],"network.":[80],"To":[81],"test":[82],"both":[83,170],"algorithms,":[84],"measurement":[87,105],"campaigns":[88,92],"were":[89],"done.":[90],"Both":[91],"used":[93],"smartphone":[95],"gather":[97],"side.":[102,147],"first":[104,149],"campaign":[106],"was":[107,125,141],"done":[108,127],"across":[109],"6":[110],"cities,":[112],"ranging":[113],"small":[115],"rural":[116],"areas":[117],"large":[119,130],"urban":[120,131],"environments,":[121],"while":[122],"second":[124,135,159],"on":[128,152,161,186,190],"city.":[132],"On":[133],"campaign,":[136],"Network":[137],"Traces":[138],"(NT)":[139],"also":[142],"collected":[143],"network":[146],"algorithm":[150],"consists":[151],"Random":[154],"Forest":[155],"(RF)":[156],"relies":[160],"Short":[164],"Memory":[166],"(LSTM),":[167],"thus":[168],"covering":[169],"more":[171],"traditional":[172],"deep":[176],"approaches.":[178],"results":[180],"varied":[181],"0.75":[183],"0.91":[185],"F1-Score,":[188],"depending":[189],"validation":[192],"strategy,":[193],"showing":[194],"promising":[195],"results.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
