{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215300508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130319","title":"An Ultralight High-Directivity Ceramic Composite Lens Antenna for 220\u2013330 GHz","display_name":"An Ultralight High-Directivity Ceramic Composite Lens Antenna for 220\u2013330 GHz","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215300508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130319","mag":"3215300508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130319","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09625951.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09625951.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077501009","display_name":"Mikko Kokkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9623-7939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Kokkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland. (e-mail: Mikko.kokkonen@oulu.fi)","Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9623-7939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland. (e-mail: Mikko.kokkonen@oulu.fi)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052971957","display_name":"Ali Ghavidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-8005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Ghavidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-8005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035651291","display_name":"Nuutti Tervo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-3750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuutti Tervo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, P.O.Box 4500, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8450-3750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, P.O.Box 4500, FI-90014, University of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008001276","display_name":"Mikko Nelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-0208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikko Nelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069134595","display_name":"Sami Myllym\u00e4ki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-0121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Myllymaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6213-0121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014193700","display_name":"Heli Jantunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-4643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heli Jantunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-4643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectroncis Research Unit, P.O Box 4500, FI-90014, Univeristy of Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077501009"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4917,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64098395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"156592","last_page":"156598"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8236563801765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.6352739334106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directivity","display_name":"Directivity","score":0.5991787314414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ceramic","display_name":"Ceramic","score":0.5771898031234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5732545256614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5112197399139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.4984321594238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4782228171825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.4685094654560089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.4473857879638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.42960673570632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.4141334593296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.2235364317893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.1569010317325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1203223466873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08365562558174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.0813065767288208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8236563801765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6352739334106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.5991787314414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134132462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45621","display_name":"Ceramic","level":2,"score":0.5771898031234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5732545256614685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5112197399139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.4984321594238281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4782228171825409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.4685094654560089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.4473857879638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.42960673570632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.4141334593296051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2235364317893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.1569010317325592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1203223466873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08365562558174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0813065767288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130319","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09625951.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0819da5a6b764fbfb63d813d19be5d3f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0819da5a6b764fbfb63d813d19be5d3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 156592-156598 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2021121060082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2021121060082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130319","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09625951.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4230935547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"318927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215300508.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215300508.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507533688","https://openalex.org/W1511438241","https://openalex.org/W2047801327","https://openalex.org/W2090091273","https://openalex.org/W2095837894","https://openalex.org/W2132189255","https://openalex.org/W2167505393","https://openalex.org/W2180571009","https://openalex.org/W2540306568","https://openalex.org/W2588596744","https://openalex.org/W2736490018","https://openalex.org/W2800840050","https://openalex.org/W2807812632","https://openalex.org/W2904145608","https://openalex.org/W2904554880","https://openalex.org/W2909817838","https://openalex.org/W2921466771","https://openalex.org/W2951913551","https://openalex.org/W2954762543","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2967914570","https://openalex.org/W2983101356","https://openalex.org/W3007749181","https://openalex.org/W3023649702","https://openalex.org/W3084097901","https://openalex.org/W3090164781","https://openalex.org/W3108703154","https://openalex.org/W3129671965","https://openalex.org/W3136594632","https://openalex.org/W3141218948","https://openalex.org/W3185605633","https://openalex.org/W3185629195","https://openalex.org/W3187978862","https://openalex.org/W6752711378","https://openalex.org/W6766987679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087159119","https://openalex.org/W1965454646","https://openalex.org/W2117393648","https://openalex.org/W2000500168","https://openalex.org/W2085753518","https://openalex.org/W2917896244","https://openalex.org/W2153353843","https://openalex.org/W2066656700","https://openalex.org/W2059122200","https://openalex.org/W4200527389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,52,89,126],"characterization":[4],"of":[5,38,43,82,100,108],"Lithium":[6],"molybdenum":[7],"oxide":[8],"(Li2MoO4,":[9],"LMO)":[10],"hollow":[11],"glass":[12],"microspheres":[13],"(HGMS)":[14],"ceramic":[15],"composite":[16],"from":[17],"0.1":[18],"to":[19,77,91],"1":[20],"THz":[21],"and":[22,40,65,121],"an":[23,69],"associated":[24],"bullet":[25,60],"shaped":[26],"lens":[27,61,74,90],"used":[28],"with":[29,93,103],"WR3.4":[30,95],"for":[31,51],"220-330":[32,128],"GHz":[33],"band.":[34],"LMO-HGMS":[35],"had":[36],"permittivity":[37],"1.18":[39],"loss":[41],"tangent":[42],"0.003":[44],"at":[45],"300":[46],"GHz.":[47,129],"The":[48,58,73],"calculated":[49],"reflectivity":[50],"LMO-HGMS-air":[53],"interface":[54],"was":[55,66,75],"0.2":[56],"%.":[57],"fabricated":[59],"weighed":[62],"5":[63],"grams":[64],"characterized":[67],"using":[68],"experimental":[70],"measurement":[71],"system.":[72],"measured":[76],"have":[78],"a":[79,94,98,104],"focus":[80],"spot":[81],"diameter":[83],"1.5":[84],"mm.":[85],"Simulated":[86],"results":[87],"showed":[88],"operate":[92],"waveguide":[96],"having":[97],"gain":[99],"27.5":[101],"dBi":[102],"narrow":[105],"beam":[106],"width":[107],"1-degree,":[109],"18":[110],"dB":[111,123],"sidelobe":[112],"level":[113],"(SLL),":[114],"40":[115],"%":[116],"Fractional":[117],"Beam":[118],"Width":[119],"(FBW),":[120],"-13":[122],"S11":[124],"over":[125],"broadband":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
