{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215325742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130205","title":"Applying Characteristic Mode Analysis to Systematically Design of 5G Logarithmic Spiral MIMO Patch Antenna","display_name":"Applying Characteristic Mode Analysis to Systematically Design of 5G Logarithmic Spiral MIMO Patch Antenna","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215325742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130205","mag":"3215325742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130205","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09624957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09624957.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000384921","display_name":"Ahmed Abdelaziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-6407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120363","display_name":"Higher Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pyw9g57","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abdelaziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications, Luxor Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology, Luxor 85834, Egypt. (e-mail: d20190014@aswu.edu.eg)","Department of Electronics and Communications, Luxor Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology, Luxor 85834, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-6407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications, Luxor Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology, Luxor 85834, Egypt. (e-mail: d20190014@aswu.edu.eg)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications, Luxor Higher Institute of Engineering & Technology, Luxor 85834, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051899776","display_name":"Hesham A. Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-7512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156128","display_name":"Electronics Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0532wcf75","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094263","https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesham A. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microstrip circuits, Electronics Research institute, Dokky, Giza, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0136-7512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microstrip circuits, Electronics Research institute, Dokky, Giza, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156128"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069386574","display_name":"Ehab K. I. Hamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-3221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86310350","display_name":"Aswan University","ror":"https://ror.org/048qnr849","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehab K. I. Hamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-3221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81542, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86310350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000384921"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":15.327,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98351626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"156566","last_page":"156580"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7437642216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5534159541130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5451301336288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5123506784439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.35950273275375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3346410393714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29487448930740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24954921007156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24064648151397705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7437642216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5534159541130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5451301336288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5123506784439087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.35950273275375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3346410393714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29487448930740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24954921007156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24064648151397705}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130205","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09624957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:44cbd4bcba3642bea57fbf218ee84b64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/44cbd4bcba3642bea57fbf218ee84b64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 156566-156580 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3130205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3130205","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09624957.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215325742.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3215325742.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976538210","https://openalex.org/W1980575520","https://openalex.org/W1987051334","https://openalex.org/W2044840887","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2120690810","https://openalex.org/W2149138969","https://openalex.org/W2178362898","https://openalex.org/W2291823907","https://openalex.org/W2320034850","https://openalex.org/W2343840042","https://openalex.org/W2532095825","https://openalex.org/W2606959243","https://openalex.org/W2745866010","https://openalex.org/W2793970915","https://openalex.org/W2793986857","https://openalex.org/W2895451749","https://openalex.org/W2899475240","https://openalex.org/W2908400817","https://openalex.org/W2919698832","https://openalex.org/W2931036933","https://openalex.org/W2945775074","https://openalex.org/W2967970129","https://openalex.org/W2972260047","https://openalex.org/W2998094502","https://openalex.org/W3036386291","https://openalex.org/W3042161354","https://openalex.org/W3042579225","https://openalex.org/W3091189927","https://openalex.org/W3120424304","https://openalex.org/W3158858749","https://openalex.org/W3166959116","https://openalex.org/W4230256816","https://openalex.org/W4255390251","https://openalex.org/W6700346385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W4311414679","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W2567141277","https://openalex.org/W3124036039","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2724724053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,43,57,114,161,212,247,265,280],"Theory":[1],"of":[2,31,45,73,90,135,151,164],"Characteristic":[3],"Modes":[4],"(TCM)":[5],"provides":[6,168],"a":[7,65,87,91,102,121,142,169],"natural":[8],"and":[9,21,129,146,154,207,232,239,253,273,290],"systematic":[10,115],"approach":[11],"for":[12,49,75,188,215],"designing":[13,46,120],"Multiple-Input":[14],"Multiple-Output":[15],"(MIMO)":[16],"antennas":[17,48,74],"with":[18,105,124,158,192],"high":[19,199,201],"efficiency":[20,234],"uncorrelated":[22],"antenna":[23,33,95],"patterns.":[24],"Recent":[25],"progress":[26],"in":[27,40,54,68,79,148,255],"the":[28,61,70,111,156,165,183,216,229,243,256,270,287,294],"growing":[29],"field":[30],"MIMO":[32,47,153,167],"design,":[34],"supported":[35],"by":[36,119],"TCM,":[37],"is":[38,53,84,98,219,250,267,283,300],"examined":[39],"this":[41,80,82,136],"study.":[42],"challenge":[44],"5G":[50,189],"wireless":[51],"communications":[52],"particular":[55],"highlighted.":[56],"results":[58],"demonstrate":[59],"that":[60,97,293],"characteristic":[62],"modes":[63],"play":[64],"key":[66],"role":[67],"establishing":[69],"optimal":[71,76],"positioning":[72],"efficiency.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"article,":[81],"theory":[83],"applied":[85],"to":[86,100,179,286],"novel":[88],"design":[89,116,249,266],"logarithmic":[92,126],"spiral":[93,127],"patch":[94],"(LSPA)":[96],"used":[99],"obtain":[101],"circular":[103],"polarization":[104],"good":[106],"performance":[107,194,289],"more":[108],"easily":[109],"than":[110,221],"traditional":[112],"shapes.":[113],"process":[117],"starts":[118],"single":[122,137],"element":[123],"one":[125],"arm":[128,134],"passing":[130,140],"through":[131,141],"adding":[132],"another":[133],"element,":[138],"also":[139],"two-element":[143],"array":[144],"antenna,":[145],"ending":[147],"four":[149],"configurations":[150],"two-port":[152],"selecting":[155],"configuration":[157,163],"best":[159,162],"performance.":[160],"proposed":[166,248],"wide":[170],"-10":[171],"dB":[172],"measured":[173,274],"impedance":[174],"ranging":[175],"from":[176],"27.3":[177],"GHz":[178,181],"30.2":[180],"covering":[182],"whole":[184,244],"frequency":[185],"band":[186],"allocated":[187],"communication":[190],"systems":[191],"acceptable":[193],"such":[195],"as":[196],"large":[197],"bandwidth,":[198],"gain,":[200],"isolation,":[202],"low":[203,208,225],"envelope":[204],"correlation":[205],"coefficient,":[206],"channel":[209],"capacity":[210],"loss.":[211],"isolation":[213],"achieved":[214,282],"operating":[217,245],"bandwidth":[218],"better":[220],"-36":[222],"dB,":[223],"demonstrating":[224],"mutual":[226],"coupling.":[227],"Moreover,":[228],"peak":[230],"gain":[231],"total":[233],"obtained":[235],"are":[236],"9.9":[237],"dBi":[238],"94%,":[240],"respectively":[241],"over":[242],"bandwidth.":[246],"designed,":[251],"analyzed,":[252],"simulated":[254],"3D":[257],"electromagnetic":[258],"full-wave":[259],"software":[260],"Computer":[261],"Simulation":[262],"Technology":[263],"(CST).":[264],"fabricated":[268],"using":[269,275],"photo-lithographic":[271],"method":[272,299],"R&SZNA67":[276],"vector":[277],"network":[278],"analyzer.":[279],"prototype":[281],"extremely":[284],"similar":[285],"expected":[288],"consequently":[291],"proves":[292],"offered":[295],"characteristics":[296],"mode":[297],"analysis":[298],"applicable.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}