{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217463551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129927","title":"Cost Minimization of a Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Brake by Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Nonlinear Reluctance Network Modeling","display_name":"Cost Minimization of a Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Brake by Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization Based on Nonlinear Reluctance Network Modeling","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217463551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129927","mag":"3217463551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129927","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09623450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09623450.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007388379","display_name":"Mehmet G\u00fcle\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4382-9225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116480","display_name":"Flanders Make (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/02ndjfz59","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Gulec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium and Flanders Make @UGent - core lab EEDT-MP, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. (e-mail: mehmetgulec85@yahoo.co.uk)","Flanders Make @UGent -core lab EEDT-MP, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4382-9225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium and Flanders Make @UGent - core lab EEDT-MP, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. (e-mail: mehmetgulec85@yahoo.co.uk)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Flanders Make @UGent -core lab EEDT-MP, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116480","https://openalex.org/I32597200"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007102725","display_name":"Pia Lindh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-5811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pia Lindh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Electric Drives Technology, LUT University, Lappeenranta, 53851, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-5811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electric Drives Technology, LUT University, Lappeenranta, 53851, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001189635","display_name":"M. Aydin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51826884","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/0411seq30","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Metin Aydin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41380, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, 41380, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51826884"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003778700","display_name":"Juha Pyrh\u00f6nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-1315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","display_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0208vgz68","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha Pyrhonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Electric Drives Technology, LUT University, Lappeenranta, 53851, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6704-1315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Electric Drives Technology, LUT University, Lappeenranta, 53851, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007388379"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200","https://openalex.org/I4210116480"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3932,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60819107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"157361","last_page":"157370"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7592923641204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.680779755115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.545977771282196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.5323916673660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-objective-optimization","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","score":0.5146597027778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47566670179367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-reluctance","display_name":"Magnetic reluctance","score":0.45770975947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque-density","display_name":"Torque density","score":0.4275640845298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current-brake","display_name":"Eddy current brake","score":0.41335320472717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30717188119888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19814267754554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.1342078149318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12085554003715515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7592923641204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.680779755115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.545977771282196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.5323916673660278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68781425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2052203","display_name":"Multi-objective optimization","level":2,"score":0.5146597027778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47566670179367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197993065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863390","display_name":"Magnetic reluctance","level":3,"score":0.45770975947380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780932299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7826794","display_name":"Torque density","level":3,"score":0.4275640845298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54855816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2585557","display_name":"Eddy current brake","level":3,"score":0.41335320472717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30717188119888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19814267754554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1342078149318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12085554003715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129927","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09623450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:0a9eff8a-604e-4bcb-b935-cc29acfb986a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://avesis.kocaeli.edu.tr/publication/details/0a9eff8a-604e-4bcb-b935-cc29acfb986a/oai","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055291","display_name":"Kocaeli \u00dcniversitesi - AVES\u0130S","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8727604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8727604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE ACCESS","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fd7ee27e1f0f4258a0a7b65333397dd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fd7ee27e1f0f4258a0a7b65333397dd4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 157361-157370 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lutpub.lut.fi:10024/163574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lutpub.lut.fi/handle/10024/163574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402474","display_name":"LUTPub (LUT University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63548447","host_organization_name":"Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63548447"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129927","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129927","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09623450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322754","display_name":"Kansainv\u00e4lisen Liikkuvuuden ja Yhteisty\u00f6n Keskus","ror":"https://ror.org/00wj0f678"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327312","display_name":"Opetushallitus","ror":"https://ror.org/00ktq1636"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3217463551.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3217463551.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W319921824","https://openalex.org/W1972671337","https://openalex.org/W2000260500","https://openalex.org/W2018573769","https://openalex.org/W2044503833","https://openalex.org/W2114576402","https://openalex.org/W2117518773","https://openalex.org/W2118815935","https://openalex.org/W2124556787","https://openalex.org/W2129858516","https://openalex.org/W2138756650","https://openalex.org/W2141568359","https://openalex.org/W2143433605","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2163382307","https://openalex.org/W2165171393","https://openalex.org/W2167308223","https://openalex.org/W2342102615","https://openalex.org/W2344263911","https://openalex.org/W2464992622","https://openalex.org/W2552992704","https://openalex.org/W2572770127","https://openalex.org/W2619838859","https://openalex.org/W2748551293","https://openalex.org/W2760471468","https://openalex.org/W2785755000","https://openalex.org/W2914126463","https://openalex.org/W2934252004","https://openalex.org/W3046805790","https://openalex.org/W3109879753","https://openalex.org/W6704352246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548517846","https://openalex.org/W2902307912","https://openalex.org/W2062015398","https://openalex.org/W3168242615","https://openalex.org/W4306148063","https://openalex.org/W3208746653","https://openalex.org/W2741895598","https://openalex.org/W3013458882","https://openalex.org/W2101195645","https://openalex.org/W2036466349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Design":[0],"optimization":[1,17,90,135],"of":[2,52,125],"a":[3,31,45,66,95,100,159,182],"permanent":[4],"magnet":[5,119,164],"eddy":[6],"current":[7],"brake":[8,189],"(PM-ECB)":[9],"is":[10,28,56,63,78,91,104,142,149],"performed":[11],"by":[12,93,151,170],"applying":[13,94],"multiobjective":[14],"particle":[15,96],"swarm":[16,97],"(MO-PSO)":[18],"for":[19,69,133],"cost":[20,113,184],"minimization.":[21],"A":[22,37],"previously":[23],"designed":[24],"and":[25,58,74,85,99,121,137,153],"patented":[26],"PM-ECB":[27,55,173],"used":[29,64],"as":[30,65,130],"reference":[32,54,196],"model":[33],"in":[34,144,162,186],"the":[35,49,53,70,75,82,86,126,131,134,138,163,171,177,187,195],"study.":[36],"quasi-3-dimensional":[38],"(3D)":[39],"analytical":[40],"modeling":[41],"approach":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44],"reluctance":[46,71],"network":[47,72],"considering":[48,80],"actual":[50],"structure":[51],"proposed":[57],"verified.":[59],"The":[60,146,155],"Gauss\u2013Seidel":[61],"method":[62],"nonlinear":[67],"solver":[68],"modeling,":[73],"braking":[76,117,179],"torque":[77],"calculated":[79],"both":[81],"skin":[83],"effect":[84],"armature":[87],"reaction.":[88],"Multiobjective":[89],"developed":[92],"algorithm,":[98],"3D":[101],"Pareto":[102],"front":[103],"provided":[105],"to":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"all":[108],"non-dominating":[109],"design":[110,140,148,174],"points.":[111],"Three":[112],"functions,":[114],"viz.":[115],"rated":[116],"torque,":[118],"mass,":[120],"magnetic":[122],"flux":[123],"density":[124],"yoke,":[127],"are":[128],"selected":[129],"objectives":[132],"problem,":[136],"optimum":[139],"point":[141],"addressed":[143],"detail.":[145],"optimized":[147,172,188],"validated":[150],"3D-FEA":[152],"experiments.":[154],"results":[156],"indicate":[157],"that":[158],"40%":[160,183],"reduction":[161,185],"volume":[165],"could":[166,190],"be":[167,191],"brought":[168],"about":[169],"with":[175,194],"practically":[176],"same":[178],"torque.":[180],"Further,":[181],"achieved":[192],"compared":[193],"one.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
