{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214872766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129171","title":"A Scalable Discrete-Time Integrated CMOS Readout Array for Nanopore Based DNA Sequencing","display_name":"A Scalable Discrete-Time Integrated CMOS Readout Array for Nanopore Based DNA Sequencing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214872766","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129171","mag":"3214872766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129171","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041911033","display_name":"Yunus Dawji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunus Dawji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8451-4612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081419226","display_name":"Mehdi Habibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-5030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39268498","display_name":"University of Isfahan","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9t7759","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]}],"countries":["CA","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Habibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-5030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085670931","display_name":"Ebrahim Ghafar\u2010Zadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7090-2304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048327293","display_name":"Sebastian Magierowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-0769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192455969","display_name":"York University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fq50484","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Magierowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6333-0769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, York University, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192455969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70353383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"155543","last_page":"155554"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11582","display_name":"Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11582","display_name":"Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11255","display_name":"Microfluidic and Bio-sensing Technologies","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6614839434623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5590004324913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5565767884254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5543854236602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5502158403396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.4891355335712433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4727761745452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.45259925723075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parasitic-capacitance","display_name":"Parasitic capacitance","score":0.4352005124092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3673773407936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2794781029224396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2150052785873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14281776547431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09289470314979553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6614839434623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5590004324913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5565767884254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5543854236602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5502158403396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.4891355335712433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4727761745452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.45259925723075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154318817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2157249","display_name":"Parasitic capacitance","level":4,"score":0.4352005124092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3673773407936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2794781029224396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2150052785873413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14281776547431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09289470314979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7939ed3587c24a7981700d8405d90323","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7939ed3587c24a7981700d8405d90323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 155543-155554 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129702757","https://openalex.org/W1529995164","https://openalex.org/W1970975244","https://openalex.org/W1988929438","https://openalex.org/W1989057441","https://openalex.org/W2001877634","https://openalex.org/W2007138906","https://openalex.org/W2022776995","https://openalex.org/W2053921402","https://openalex.org/W2062734966","https://openalex.org/W2071910361","https://openalex.org/W2075617494","https://openalex.org/W2082649965","https://openalex.org/W2089244477","https://openalex.org/W2099674667","https://openalex.org/W2113463561","https://openalex.org/W2128508216","https://openalex.org/W2169455211","https://openalex.org/W2177988651","https://openalex.org/W2179581454","https://openalex.org/W2325229160","https://openalex.org/W2346680365","https://openalex.org/W2396849069","https://openalex.org/W2475062863","https://openalex.org/W2490087886","https://openalex.org/W2549069263","https://openalex.org/W2567325707","https://openalex.org/W2585428229","https://openalex.org/W2766485669","https://openalex.org/W2804030805","https://openalex.org/W2997522932","https://openalex.org/W4239384864","https://openalex.org/W6672602812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058545256","https://openalex.org/W2394034449","https://openalex.org/W2904654231","https://openalex.org/W2999380399","https://openalex.org/W4210807885","https://openalex.org/W2248915580","https://openalex.org/W2059163921","https://openalex.org/W2051045034","https://openalex.org/W4304890870","https://openalex.org/W2126779451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,52,89,97,105,114],"high-speed":[4],"mixed-signal":[5],"readout":[6,54],"array":[7],"in":[8,65,116],"130-nm":[9],"CMOS":[10],"for":[11],"the":[12,24,66,94,117],"amplification":[13],"and":[14,39,51,75,103,113,127],"digitization":[15],"of":[16,26,86,100,119],"picoampere-range":[17],"signals.":[18],"Its":[19],"design":[20],"is":[21,72],"inspired":[22],"by":[23],"needs":[25],"emerging":[27],"DNA":[28],"sequencing":[29],"technologies":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"biological":[33],"nanopore":[34],"sensors.":[35],"To":[36],"overcome":[37],"switching":[38],"substrate":[40],"noise":[41,106,125],"this":[42],"system":[43],"adopts":[44],"an":[45],"in-pixel":[46,69],"analog-to-digital":[47],"converter":[48],"(ADC)":[49],"architecture":[50,71],"novel":[53],"technique":[55],"while":[56],"consuming":[57],"10x":[58],"less":[59],"power":[60],"than":[61],"similar":[62],"designs":[63],"described":[64],"literature.":[67],"The":[68],"ADC":[70],"inherently":[73],"scalable":[74],"immune":[76],"to":[77,84],"electrical":[78],"interference":[79],"which":[80],"can":[81],"be":[82],"extended":[83],"100s":[85],"channels.":[87],"With":[88],"5":[90],"pF":[91],"input":[92],"capacitance,":[93],"amplifiers":[95],"achieve":[96],"maximum":[98,129],"bandwidth":[99],"100":[101],"kHz":[102],"demonstrate":[104],"floor":[107],"as":[108,110],"low":[109],"4":[111],"fA/\u221aHz":[112],"gain":[115],"range":[118],"G\u03a9":[120],"at":[121],"10":[122],"kHz.":[123],"Circuit":[124],"behaviour":[126],"theoretical":[128],"performance":[130],"estimates":[131],"using":[132],"behavioural":[133],"models":[134],"are":[135],"also":[136],"discussed.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
