{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216390247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129053","title":"An Enriched RPCO-BCNN Mechanisms for Attack Detection and Classification in SCADA Systems","display_name":"An Enriched RPCO-BCNN Mechanisms for Attack Detection and Classification in SCADA Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216390247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129053","mag":"3216390247"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129053","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09618916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09618916.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Shitharth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117424","display_name":"Debre Tabor University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfxf13","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Shitharth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kebri Dehar University, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kebri Dehar University, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040723835","display_name":"MVV Prasad Kantipudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-4654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kantipudi Mvv Prasad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-4654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011155769","display_name":"K. Sangeetha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117424","display_name":"Debre Tabor University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bzfxf13","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Sangeetha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kebri Dehar University, Ethiopia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Kebri Dehar University, Ethiopia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076524025","display_name":"Pravin R. Kshirsagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-6284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65181880","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4v3x97","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pravin R. Kshirsagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AVN Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad 501510, Telangana, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7381-6284","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, AVN Institute of Engineering & Technology, Hyderabad 501510, Telangana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65181880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058358526","display_name":"Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-3961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134892692","display_name":"Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/047ymzq84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134892692"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0737-3961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134892692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078010800","display_name":"Hassan Haes Alhelou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-2848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108907416","display_name":"Latakia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04nqts970","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108907416"]}],"countries":["IE","SY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Haes Alhelou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland and Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia 2230, Syria. (e-mail: alhelou@ieee.org)","Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia 2230, Syria","School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-2848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland and Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia 2230, Syria. (e-mail: alhelou@ieee.org)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I108907416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Tishreen University, Lattakia 2230, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108907416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin 4, D04 V1W8 Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078010800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933","https://openalex.org/I108907416"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.9651,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95367261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"156297","last_page":"156312"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.7941101789474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7939972877502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6226435303688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5584024786949158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5547842383384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5108027458190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.47950583696365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.442082017660141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.43393275141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38373106718063354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.7941101789474487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7939972877502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6226435303688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5584024786949158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5547842383384705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5108027458190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.47950583696365356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.442082017660141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.43393275141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38373106718063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129053","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09618916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df3cb54ac59f422588a496a0859fb7b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df3cb54ac59f422588a496a0859fb7b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 156297-156312 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3129053","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3129053","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09618916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216390247.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216390247.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290151134","https://openalex.org/W2597208697","https://openalex.org/W2766346333","https://openalex.org/W2810443361","https://openalex.org/W2889676902","https://openalex.org/W2955158865","https://openalex.org/W2955810727","https://openalex.org/W2959428502","https://openalex.org/W2964216374","https://openalex.org/W2969699559","https://openalex.org/W2976140009","https://openalex.org/W2979202956","https://openalex.org/W2989699619","https://openalex.org/W2991409407","https://openalex.org/W2991507433","https://openalex.org/W2995085485","https://openalex.org/W3010176271","https://openalex.org/W3016669523","https://openalex.org/W3017165746","https://openalex.org/W3022006982","https://openalex.org/W3048475677","https://openalex.org/W3081325334","https://openalex.org/W3091769437","https://openalex.org/W3094371569","https://openalex.org/W3098714061","https://openalex.org/W3109002531","https://openalex.org/W3113022899","https://openalex.org/W3152504018","https://openalex.org/W3155081803","https://openalex.org/W3171622349","https://openalex.org/W3174314847","https://openalex.org/W3182848996","https://openalex.org/W4287551517","https://openalex.org/W6787260798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615977515","https://openalex.org/W2115760278","https://openalex.org/W2146396794","https://openalex.org/W2809162650","https://openalex.org/W2388279172","https://openalex.org/W2807864071","https://openalex.org/W2617238897","https://openalex.org/W2055218442","https://openalex.org/W4386714408","https://openalex.org/W1629127207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Providing":[0],"security":[1],"to":[2,23,74,81,115,135,159,189],"the":[3,14,24,30,49,56,90,96,107,117,122,126,137,142,150,161,165,172,176,191,199,205,210,213],"Supervisory":[4],"Control":[5],"and":[6,16,42,68,103,145],"Data":[7],"Acquisition":[8],"(SCADA)":[9],"systems":[10],"is":[11,113,133,157,168],"one":[12],"of":[13,27,39,98,147,193,212],"demanding":[15],"crucial":[17],"tasks":[18],"in":[19,48,61],"recent":[20],"days,":[21],"due":[22],"different":[25,37,183],"types":[26,38],"attacks":[28],"on":[29],"network.":[31],"For":[32],"this":[33,78],"purpose,":[34],"there":[35,181],"are":[36,182,202],"attack":[40,195,215],"detection":[41,70,196,216],"classification":[43],"methodologies":[44],"have":[45,186],"been":[46,187],"developed":[47],"conventional":[50],"works.":[51],"But":[52],"it":[53],"limits":[54],"with":[55,175,204],"issues":[57],"like":[58],"high":[59],"complexity":[60],"design,":[62],"misclassification":[63],"results,":[64],"increased":[65],"error":[66],"rate,":[67],"reduced":[69],"efficiency.":[71],"In":[72],"order":[73],"solve":[75],"these":[76],"issues,":[77],"paper":[79],"aims":[80],"develop":[82],"an":[83],"advanced":[84],"machine":[85],"learning":[86],"models":[87],"for":[88,208],"improving":[89],"SCADA":[91],"security.":[92],"This":[93],"work":[94],"comprises":[95],"stages":[97],"preprocessing,":[99],"clustering,":[100],"feature":[101,123,177],"selection,":[102],"classification.":[104],"At":[105],"first,":[106],"Markov":[108],"Chain":[109],"Clustering":[110],"(MCC)":[111],"model":[112],"implemented":[114],"cluster":[116],"network":[118],"data":[119],"by":[120,140,170],"normalizing":[121],"values.":[124],"Then,":[125],"Rapid":[127],"Probabilistic":[128],"Correlated":[129,152],"Optimization":[130],"(RPCO)":[131],"mechanism":[132,207],"employed":[134,158],"select":[136],"optimal":[138],"features":[139],"computing":[141],"matching":[143],"score":[144,167],"likelihood":[146],"particles.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"Block":[151],"Neural":[153],"Network":[154],"(BCNN)":[155],"technique":[156],"classify":[160],"predicted":[162],"label,":[163],"where":[164],"relevancy":[166],"computed":[169],"using":[171],"kernel":[173],"function":[174],"points.":[178],"During":[179],"experimentation,":[180],"performance":[184],"indicators":[185],"used":[188],"validate":[190],"results":[192,201],"proposed":[194,214],"mechanisms.":[197],"Also,":[198],"obtained":[200],"compared":[203],"RPCO-BCNN":[206],"proving":[209],"superiority":[211],"system.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
