{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212429072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127915","title":"State-of-the-Art in Synchrophasor Measurement Technology Applications in Distribution Networks and Microgrids","display_name":"State-of-the-Art in Synchrophasor Measurement Technology Applications in Distribution Networks and Microgrids","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212429072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127915","mag":"3212429072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127915","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008128751","display_name":"Farrokh Aminifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-2798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farrokh Aminifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11365-4563, Iran. (e-mail: faminifar@ut.ac.ir)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2331-2798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11365-4563, Iran. (e-mail: faminifar@ut.ac.ir)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039786872","display_name":"F. Rahmatian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2540-5875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150916","display_name":"Alterra Power (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kzfav20","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farnoosh Rahmatian","raw_affiliation_strings":["NuGrid Power Corp., Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NuGrid Power Corp., Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062440795","display_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shahidehpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-1688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robert W. Galvin Center for Electricity Innovation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7702,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85037239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"153875","last_page":"153892"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7045241594314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6548744440078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.5789143443107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.515463650226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.4959903657436371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.48155859112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4474484920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4403994679450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.42138391733169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.41051530838012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3349315822124481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3207172155380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29176852107048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.2691229581832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24070662260055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16601994633674622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7045241594314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6548744440078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.5789143443107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.515463650226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.4959903657436371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.48155859112739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4474484920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4403994679450989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.42138391733169556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.41051530838012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3349315822124481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3207172155380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29176852107048035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2691229581832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24070662260055542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16601994633674622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6d70cefd370d49e8aaa90fb377a273d2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6d70cefd370d49e8aaa90fb377a273d2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 153875-153892 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46494556","https://openalex.org/W208605634","https://openalex.org/W1578978182","https://openalex.org/W1965879962","https://openalex.org/W1988620787","https://openalex.org/W2012117700","https://openalex.org/W2026281234","https://openalex.org/W2042797330","https://openalex.org/W2044910823","https://openalex.org/W2048503681","https://openalex.org/W2051118139","https://openalex.org/W2063092822","https://openalex.org/W2063130178","https://openalex.org/W2069566545","https://openalex.org/W2081020745","https://openalex.org/W2086784033","https://openalex.org/W2087363385","https://openalex.org/W2092725360","https://openalex.org/W2098003791","https://openalex.org/W2106465564","https://openalex.org/W2123790000","https://openalex.org/W2124160553","https://openalex.org/W2137337765","https://openalex.org/W2150679143","https://openalex.org/W2167952425","https://openalex.org/W2229270855","https://openalex.org/W2289217407","https://openalex.org/W2295368058","https://openalex.org/W2317005392","https://openalex.org/W2321674405","https://openalex.org/W2342997462","https://openalex.org/W2433145132","https://openalex.org/W2469689949","https://openalex.org/W2510029918","https://openalex.org/W2511297267","https://openalex.org/W2518981480","https://openalex.org/W2522610349","https://openalex.org/W2527126235","https://openalex.org/W2527874646","https://openalex.org/W2548509391","https://openalex.org/W2553659045","https://openalex.org/W2559102461","https://openalex.org/W2591791737","https://openalex.org/W2592468932","https://openalex.org/W2593838945","https://openalex.org/W2611878672","https://openalex.org/W2613307342","https://openalex.org/W2616110868","https://openalex.org/W2618656593","https://openalex.org/W2625585483","https://openalex.org/W2696506863","https://openalex.org/W2726319948","https://openalex.org/W2735517404","https://openalex.org/W2740840550","https://openalex.org/W2768962770","https://openalex.org/W2770423851","https://openalex.org/W2773727643","https://openalex.org/W2781953439","https://openalex.org/W2782107121","https://openalex.org/W2783400312","https://openalex.org/W2789326995","https://openalex.org/W2792818654","https://openalex.org/W2800233816","https://openalex.org/W2805129241","https://openalex.org/W2809062320","https://openalex.org/W2818191380","https://openalex.org/W2885166936","https://openalex.org/W2885973211","https://openalex.org/W2886948626","https://openalex.org/W2889041589","https://openalex.org/W2889610970","https://openalex.org/W2891562295","https://openalex.org/W2896710114","https://openalex.org/W2897681270","https://openalex.org/W2906459233","https://openalex.org/W2911284875","https://openalex.org/W2911531916","https://openalex.org/W2911733589","https://openalex.org/W2912810656","https://openalex.org/W2914191284","https://openalex.org/W2920215781","https://openalex.org/W2921855438","https://openalex.org/W2929682102","https://openalex.org/W2946477549","https://openalex.org/W2946790931","https://openalex.org/W2947881193","https://openalex.org/W2949969927","https://openalex.org/W2949999892","https://openalex.org/W2955469627","https://openalex.org/W2955720393","https://openalex.org/W2963532858","https://openalex.org/W2963572098","https://openalex.org/W2965602043","https://openalex.org/W2965971155","https://openalex.org/W2967732995","https://openalex.org/W2969215934","https://openalex.org/W2970298397","https://openalex.org/W2972301508","https://openalex.org/W2980616090","https://openalex.org/W2982440630","https://openalex.org/W2986796125","https://openalex.org/W2987113785","https://openalex.org/W2988231539","https://openalex.org/W2989437313","https://openalex.org/W2992608304","https://openalex.org/W2995270492","https://openalex.org/W2999212218","https://openalex.org/W3000695024","https://openalex.org/W3000946904","https://openalex.org/W3011013176","https://openalex.org/W3016593507","https://openalex.org/W3017514705","https://openalex.org/W3017797058","https://openalex.org/W3020265068","https://openalex.org/W3026164400","https://openalex.org/W3032692841","https://openalex.org/W3038976685","https://openalex.org/W3043291334","https://openalex.org/W3047145943","https://openalex.org/W3049708287","https://openalex.org/W3062991227","https://openalex.org/W3083371527","https://openalex.org/W3089843825","https://openalex.org/W3092303060","https://openalex.org/W3098384795","https://openalex.org/W3108026406","https://openalex.org/W3114385687","https://openalex.org/W6678537424","https://openalex.org/W6729521329","https://openalex.org/W6782135889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071137974","https://openalex.org/W4224280502","https://openalex.org/W2503196393","https://openalex.org/W2166008706","https://openalex.org/W1923806246","https://openalex.org/W2127773678","https://openalex.org/W2543747607","https://openalex.org/W1768317165","https://openalex.org/W2050685650","https://openalex.org/W2893865120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"synchrophasor":[1],"measurement":[2,79],"technology":[3],"(SMT)":[4],"has":[5],"become":[6],"a":[7],"somewhat":[8],"mature":[9],"and":[10,47,56,69,106,132,149,157,162,166,170,176,181],"operational":[11,84],"tool":[12],"used":[13],"in":[14,20,27,51,73,86,114,130],"transmission-level":[15,54],"power":[16],"networks,":[17],"its":[18],"use":[19],"active":[21,111],"distribution":[22,52,65],"networks":[23],"(ADNs)":[24],"is":[25,91],"still":[26],"very":[28,39],"early":[29],"stages.":[30],"Due":[31],"to":[32,75,82],"distinct":[33],"features":[34],"(such":[35],"as":[36,110],"unbalanced":[37],"operation,":[38],"low":[40],"phase":[41],"angle":[42],"differences,":[43],"greater":[44],"harmonics":[45],"pollution,":[46],"lower":[48],"signal-to-noise":[49],"ratios":[50],"networks),":[53],"devices":[55],"applications":[57,129,184],"may":[58],"not":[59],"be":[60],"fully":[61],"effective":[62,143],"at":[63],"the":[64],"level.":[66],"Extensive":[67],"research":[68],"development":[70],"efforts":[71],"are":[72,100,140,185],"progress":[74],"bring":[76],"distribution-level":[77],"phasor":[78],"units":[80],"(DPMUs)":[81],"an":[83],"stage":[85],"ADNs.":[87],"This":[88,124],"essential":[89],"work":[90],"made":[92],"even":[93],"more":[94],"urgent":[95],"by":[96],"changing":[97],"ADNs":[98,131],"that":[99,172],"widely":[101],"integrating":[102],"distributed":[103],"energy":[104,122,159],"resources":[105],"enabling":[107,141],"demand-side":[108],"entities":[109],"network":[112],"players,":[113],"some":[115],"cases":[116],"considering":[117],"authorizing":[118],"them":[119],"for":[120],"peer-to-peer":[121],"trading.":[123],"paper":[125],"focuses":[126],"on":[127,137],"SMT/DPMU":[128],"microgrids.":[133],"We":[134],"specifically":[135],"elaborate":[136],"how":[138],"SMT/DPMUs":[139,180],"1)":[142],"situational":[144],"awareness,":[145],"2)":[146],"enhanced":[147],"protection":[148],"fault":[150],"location":[151],"functions,":[152],"3)":[153],"novel":[154],"control":[155],"algorithms":[156],"augmented":[158],"management":[160],"applications,":[161],"4)":[163],"long-term":[164],"baselining":[165],"analysis.":[167],"Various":[168],"barriers":[169],"challenges":[171],"come":[173],"with":[174],"rapid":[175],"broad":[177],"deployment":[178],"of":[179],"their":[182],"associated":[183],"also":[186],"discussed.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
