{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214029542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127689","title":"Network Intrusion Detection Based on Extended RBF Neural Network With Offline Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Network Intrusion Detection Based on Extended RBF Neural Network With Offline Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214029542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127689","mag":"3214029542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127689","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020549603","display_name":"Manuel L\u00f3pez\u2010Mart\u00edn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-560X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Lopez-Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. TSyCeIT, ETSIT, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 15, Valladolid 47011, Spain. (e-mail: mlopezm@ieee.org)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-560X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. TSyCeIT, ETSIT, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 15, Valladolid 47011, Spain. (e-mail: mlopezm@ieee.org)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068734681","display_name":"Antonio S\u00e1nchez-Esguevillas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-1106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Sanchez-Esguevillas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. TSyCeIT, ETSIT, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 15, Valladolid 47011, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-1106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. TSyCeIT, ETSIT, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 15, Valladolid 47011, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061212034","display_name":"Juan Ignacio Arribas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-6152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Ignacio Arribas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. TSyCeIT, ETSIT, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 15, Valladolid 47011, Spain and Castilla-Leon Neuroscience Institute, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7486-6152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. TSyCeIT, ETSIT, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 15, Valladolid 47011, Spain and Castilla-Leon Neuroscience Institute, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060796410","display_name":"Bel\u00e9n Carro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-8479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","display_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","ror":"https://ror.org/01fvbaw18","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belen Carro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. TSyCeIT, ETSIT, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 15, Valladolid 47011, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-8479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. TSyCeIT, ETSIT, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Bel\u00e9n 15, Valladolid 47011, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.2922,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97463534,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"153153","last_page":"153170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8514323234558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7270767092704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.672013521194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function","display_name":"Radial basis function","score":0.6323584318161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.6212865114212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6172952651977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5375978350639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5357750058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4958709180355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function-network","display_name":"Radial basis function network","score":0.4295113980770111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.42229267954826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.4143882393836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33326712250709534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8514323234558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7270767092704773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.672013521194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98856871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1588488","display_name":"Radial basis function","level":3,"score":0.6323584318161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.6212865114212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6172952651977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5375978350639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5357750058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4958709180355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132917294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2679684","display_name":"Radial basis function network","level":4,"score":0.4295113980770111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.42229267954826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4143882393836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33326712250709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uvadoc.uva.es:10324/54210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/54210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401553","display_name":"UVaDOC UVaDOC University of Valladolid Documentary Repository (University of Valladolid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108103353","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Valladolid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108103353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4c5892a1fbab46b99d8583544066a80e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4c5892a1fbab46b99d8583544066a80e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 153153-153170 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gredos.usal.es:10366/154846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10366/154846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196290","display_name":"Gredos (University of Salamanca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127689","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8913648817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RTI2018-098958-B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W94523489","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1562155894","https://openalex.org/W1578205364","https://openalex.org/W1599984223","https://openalex.org/W1757796397","https://openalex.org/W1829366209","https://openalex.org/W1963581687","https://openalex.org/W1981018867","https://openalex.org/W2009250942","https://openalex.org/W2026547913","https://openalex.org/W2028070713","https://openalex.org/W2028303652","https://openalex.org/W2085111418","https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2110712673","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2115247500","https://openalex.org/W2119762477","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2143956139","https://openalex.org/W2152955798","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2169641192","https://openalex.org/W2170298016","https://openalex.org/W2188763406","https://openalex.org/W2271840356","https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2400926247","https://openalex.org/W2571482892","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2751281375","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2809684781","https://openalex.org/W2911264084","https://openalex.org/W2913497771","https://openalex.org/W2918253653","https://openalex.org/W2946127746","https://openalex.org/W2952298682","https://openalex.org/W2963197901","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2965722703","https://openalex.org/W2973862992","https://openalex.org/W2981025625","https://openalex.org/W2982682021","https://openalex.org/W3001285279","https://openalex.org/W3006206203","https://openalex.org/W3015246755","https://openalex.org/W3017346274","https://openalex.org/W3019321885","https://openalex.org/W3022566517","https://openalex.org/W3025093231","https://openalex.org/W3047132966","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3131541364","https://openalex.org/W3137629537","https://openalex.org/W3173582753","https://openalex.org/W3190219082","https://openalex.org/W3195438473","https://openalex.org/W4251248320","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6634769242","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6687257946","https://openalex.org/W6694517276","https://openalex.org/W6731842281","https://openalex.org/W6776438516","https://openalex.org/W6792500103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230534566","https://openalex.org/W1992876914","https://openalex.org/W2184586959","https://openalex.org/W162769146","https://openalex.org/W2105180757","https://openalex.org/W2162304341","https://openalex.org/W1567195887","https://openalex.org/W157952102","https://openalex.org/W2471040861","https://openalex.org/W2355050426"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"intrusion":[1,111,162],"detection":[2,112],"focuses":[3],"on":[4,18],"classifying":[5],"network":[6,23,48,55,75,161],"traffic":[7],"as":[8,52],"either":[9],"normal":[10],"or":[11],"attack":[12],"carrier.":[13],"The":[14],"classification":[15,30],"is":[16,27,106],"based":[17],"information":[19],"extracted":[20],"from":[21],"the":[22,41,68,74,94,101,143,147,157,166,173],"flow":[24],"packets.":[25],"This":[26,38,103],"a":[28,53,136],"complex":[29],"problem":[31],"with":[32,73,156],"unbalanced":[33,181],"datasets":[34,113],"and":[35,93,118,133,171],"noisy":[36],"data.":[37],"work":[39],"extends":[40],"classic":[42],"radial":[43,69,97],"basis":[44,70,98],"function":[45],"(RBF)":[46],"neural":[47],"by":[49,80,160],"including":[50],"it":[51],"policy":[54],"in":[56],"an":[57],"offline":[58],"reinforcement":[59],"learning":[60],"algorithm.":[61],"With":[62],"this":[63],"approach,":[64],"all":[65],"parameters":[66],"of":[67,96,139,142,168],"functions":[71],"(along":[72],"weights)":[76],"are":[77,150],"learned":[78],"end-to-end":[79],"gradient":[81],"descent":[82],"without":[83],"external":[84],"optimization.":[85],"We":[86,164],"further":[87],"explore":[88],"how":[89,172],"additional":[90],"dense":[91],"hidden-layers,":[92],"number":[95],"kernels":[99],"influence":[100],"results.":[102,140],"novel":[104],"approach":[105],"applied":[107],"to":[108],"five":[109],"prominent":[110],"(NSL-KDD,":[114],"UNSW-NB15,":[115],"AWID,":[116],"CICIDS2017":[117],"CICDDOS2019)":[119],"achieving":[120],"better":[121,137],"performance":[122],"metrics":[123],"than":[124],"alternative":[125],"state-of-the-art":[126],"models.":[127],"Each":[128],"dataset":[129,169],"provides":[130],"different":[131],"restrictions":[132],"challenges":[134],"allowing":[135],"validation":[138],"Analysis":[141],"results":[144],"shows":[145],"that":[146],"proposed":[148,174],"architectures":[149],"excellent":[151],"candidates":[152],"for":[153,180],"designing":[154],"classifiers":[155],"constraints":[158],"imposed":[159],"detection.":[163],"discuss":[165],"importance":[167],"imbalance":[170],"methods":[175],"may":[176],"be":[177],"critically":[178],"important":[179],"datasets.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
