{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200888970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127276","title":"Comparison of Single and Multitask Learning for Predicting Cognitive Decline Based on MRI Data","display_name":"Comparison of Single and Multitask Learning for Predicting Cognitive Decline Based on MRI Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200888970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127276","mag":"3200888970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127276","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065736491","display_name":"Vandad Imani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-3400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vandad Imani","raw_affiliation_strings":["A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. (e-mail: vandad.imani@uef.fi)","A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. (e-mail: vandad.imani@uef.fi)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035069374","display_name":"Mithilesh Prakash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3853-4126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mithilesh Prakash","raw_affiliation_strings":["A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland","A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072019767","display_name":"Marzieh Zare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5538-5997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marzieh Zare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Sciences at Tampere University of Technology (TUT)","[Tampere University, Tampere, Finland]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Sciences at Tampere University of Technology (TUT)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tampere University, Tampere, Finland]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021572716","display_name":"Jussi Tohka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1048-5860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jussi Tohka","raw_affiliation_strings":["A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland","A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065736491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1526,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4965137,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"154275","last_page":"154291"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dementia","display_name":"Dementia","score":0.6274459362030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.44765812158584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cog","display_name":"Cog","score":0.43928712606430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4364289939403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.4301711916923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4264235496520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline","display_name":"Cognitive decline","score":0.41712796688079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuropsychology","display_name":"Neuropsychology","score":0.4129564166069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.41056933999061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.41021743416786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35452210903167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.28240835666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.17016485333442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11262533068656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.10237348079681396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.6274459362030029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.44765812158584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4661277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054157","display_name":"Cog","level":2,"score":0.43928712606430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4364289939403534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4301711916923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4264235496520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.41712796688079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14216870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3872","display_name":"Neuropsychology","level":3,"score":0.4129564166069031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.41056933999061584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41021743416786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35452210903167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.28240835666656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.17016485333442688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11262533068656921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10237348079681396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2109.10266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.10266","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.10266","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3200888970","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.10266.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ee5170abe6c748e0b07b65313ef11c6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ee5170abe6c748e0b07b65313ef11c6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 154275-154291 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/219920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/219920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2109.10266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2109.10266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3127276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3127276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1847168837","https://openalex.org/W1899329334","https://openalex.org/W1987909254","https://openalex.org/W1996330824","https://openalex.org/W1997228011","https://openalex.org/W1998635907","https://openalex.org/W2002159622","https://openalex.org/W2009354197","https://openalex.org/W2024719735","https://openalex.org/W2031250362","https://openalex.org/W2031967811","https://openalex.org/W2065180801","https://openalex.org/W2084358449","https://openalex.org/W2093602450","https://openalex.org/W2107665951","https://openalex.org/W2108165657","https://openalex.org/W2111552401","https://openalex.org/W2123623728","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2148000979","https://openalex.org/W2153480371","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155298532","https://openalex.org/W2159514083","https://openalex.org/W2159965356","https://openalex.org/W2171837816","https://openalex.org/W2337220348","https://openalex.org/W2421355487","https://openalex.org/W2474271774","https://openalex.org/W2602184054","https://openalex.org/W2622540365","https://openalex.org/W2743373469","https://openalex.org/W2781993955","https://openalex.org/W2787980378","https://openalex.org/W2797937217","https://openalex.org/W2811386582","https://openalex.org/W2905038296","https://openalex.org/W2912452970","https://openalex.org/W2949392028","https://openalex.org/W2949844400","https://openalex.org/W2950030754","https://openalex.org/W2950086191","https://openalex.org/W2954632147","https://openalex.org/W2963510247","https://openalex.org/W2968099105","https://openalex.org/W2989056190","https://openalex.org/W2995724321","https://openalex.org/W3003213187","https://openalex.org/W3022572016","https://openalex.org/W3035014264","https://openalex.org/W3082072206","https://openalex.org/W3082801777","https://openalex.org/W3111770336","https://openalex.org/W3116551730","https://openalex.org/W6684360038","https://openalex.org/W6684671274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2612690964","https://openalex.org/W111643285","https://openalex.org/W1575053089","https://openalex.org/W2017856614","https://openalex.org/W3034690129","https://openalex.org/W2004601665","https://openalex.org/W3025732574","https://openalex.org/W2183659713","https://openalex.org/W3089706683","https://openalex.org/W2783694832","https://openalex.org/W2583500168","https://openalex.org/W2025202503","https://openalex.org/W3123552581","https://openalex.org/W2069743064","https://openalex.org/W3082517544","https://openalex.org/W2394730255","https://openalex.org/W3100458309","https://openalex.org/W3157505252","https://openalex.org/W2466125605","https://openalex.org/W2811233321"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alzheimer\u2019s":[0],"Disease":[1],"Assessment":[2],"Scale-Cognitive":[3],"subscale":[4],"(ADAS-Cog)":[5],"is":[6,197],"a":[7,103,198],"neuropsychological":[8],"tool":[9],"that":[10,118,172],"has":[11,121],"been":[12],"designed":[13],"to":[14,55,72,77,177,204,213],"assess":[15],"the":[16,26,34,45,57,79,85,94,129,139,163,189,194,215,223],"severity":[17],"of":[18,21,25,36,138,145],"cognitive":[19,126],"symptoms":[20],"dementia.":[22],"Personalized":[23],"prediction":[24,95,160],"changes":[27,58,80,112],"in":[28,33,39,59,81,97,113,128,141],"ADAS-Cog":[29,60,110,149,173],"scores":[30,61],"could":[31],"help":[32],"timing":[35],"therapeutic":[37],"interventions":[38],"dementia":[40],"and":[41,51,92,108,207],"at-risk":[42],"populations.":[43],"In":[44,70,167],"present":[46],"work,":[47],"we":[48,83],"compared":[49],"single-":[50],"multi-task":[52],"learning":[53,193],"approaches":[54],"predict":[56,78],"based":[62,87,181],"on":[63,88,182,186],"T1-weighted":[64,119],"anatomical":[65,183],"magnetic":[66,142],"resonance":[67],"imaging":[68],"(MRI).":[69],"contrast":[71],"most":[73,224],"machine":[74],"learning-based":[75],"methods":[76],"ADAS-Cog,":[82],"stratified":[84],"subjects":[86],"their":[89],"baseline":[90],"diagnoses":[91],"evaluated":[93],"performances":[96],"each":[98,114],"group.":[99],"Our":[100],"experiments":[101],"indicated":[102],"positive":[104],"relationship":[105],"between":[106],"predicted":[107,180],"observed":[109],"score":[111,150],"diagnostic":[115],"group":[116],"suggesting":[117],"MRI":[120,146],"predictive":[122,195,226],"value":[123],"for":[124,192,222],"evaluating":[125],"decline":[127],"whole":[130],"AD":[131],"continuum.":[132],"We":[133],"further":[134],"studied":[135],"whether":[136],"correction":[137],"differences":[140],"field":[143],"strength":[144],"would":[147],"improve":[148],"prediction.":[151],"The":[152],"partial":[153],"least":[154],"square-based":[155],"domain":[156],"adaptation":[157],"improved":[158],"slightly":[159],"performance,":[161],"but":[162],"improvement":[164],"was":[165],"marginal.":[166],"sum,":[168],"this":[169,187],"study":[170],"demonstrated":[171],"change":[174],"can":[175],"be,":[176],"some":[178],"extent,":[179],"MRI.":[184],"Based":[185],"study,":[188],"recommended":[190],"method":[191],"models":[196],"single-task":[199],"regularized":[200],"linear":[201],"regression":[202],"owing":[203],"its":[205],"simplicity":[206],"good":[208],"performance.":[209],"It":[210],"appears":[211],"important":[212],"combine":[214],"training":[216],"data":[217],"across":[218],"all":[219],"subject":[220],"groups":[221],"effective":[225],"models.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
