{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211412870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125317","title":"Design of Cascaded PI-Fractional Order PID Controller for Improving the Frequency Response of Hybrid Microgrid System Using Gorilla Troops Optimizer","display_name":"Design of Cascaded PI-Fractional Order PID Controller for Improving the Frequency Response of Hybrid Microgrid System Using Gorilla Troops Optimizer","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211412870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125317","mag":"3211412870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125317","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035996405","display_name":"Moetasem Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-2761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moetasem Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-2761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079585526","display_name":"Hossam Kotb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-6731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossam Kotb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt. (e-mail: hossam.kotb@alexu.edu.eg)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-6731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt. (e-mail: hossam.kotb@alexu.edu.eg)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026796325","display_name":"Kareem M. AboRas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-468X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kareem M. Aboras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-468X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028532189","display_name":"Nabil H. Abbasy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-0812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabil H. Abbasy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2852-0812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21544, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.5827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97784901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"150715","last_page":"150732"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.8423985242843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7572727203369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7412377595901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settling-time","display_name":"Settling time","score":0.5980595946311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5717892646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.537514865398407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4968850910663605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4670625627040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overshoot","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","score":0.4443078637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4347228407859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.4244154989719391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.39958831667900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-response","display_name":"Step response","score":0.31971806287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.2633436322212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2244340181350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10204249620437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.09727111458778381}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.8423985242843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7572727203369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7412377595901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14781684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983320","display_name":"Settling time","level":3,"score":0.5980595946311951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5717892646789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.537514865398407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4968850910663605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4670625627040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780323453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113957","display_name":"Overshoot (microwave communication)","level":2,"score":0.4443078637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4347228407859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.4244154989719391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.39958831667900085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160030872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142864","display_name":"Step response","level":2,"score":0.31971806287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2633436322212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2244340181350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10204249620437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.09727111458778381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5f88a49305b420d8a66cc11a5fe27d0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5f88a49305b420d8a66cc11a5fe27d0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 150715-150732 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125317","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982579075","https://openalex.org/W2088723594","https://openalex.org/W2481662626","https://openalex.org/W2513418246","https://openalex.org/W2579757141","https://openalex.org/W2588761233","https://openalex.org/W2758610386","https://openalex.org/W2793387405","https://openalex.org/W2890216498","https://openalex.org/W2904794775","https://openalex.org/W2904937137","https://openalex.org/W2944255188","https://openalex.org/W2998935080","https://openalex.org/W3005611691","https://openalex.org/W3016492738","https://openalex.org/W3042985546","https://openalex.org/W3046204521","https://openalex.org/W3047596586","https://openalex.org/W3082810959","https://openalex.org/W3088991365","https://openalex.org/W3098953524","https://openalex.org/W3104293911","https://openalex.org/W3106601949","https://openalex.org/W3108328066","https://openalex.org/W3120614823","https://openalex.org/W3122708293","https://openalex.org/W3126943639","https://openalex.org/W3127392273","https://openalex.org/W3134110396","https://openalex.org/W3136648924","https://openalex.org/W3137498314","https://openalex.org/W3138605041","https://openalex.org/W3148997644","https://openalex.org/W3157818243","https://openalex.org/W3163667710","https://openalex.org/W3166772955","https://openalex.org/W3174169911","https://openalex.org/W3175141742","https://openalex.org/W3177101463","https://openalex.org/W3182902084","https://openalex.org/W3184676316","https://openalex.org/W3185076117","https://openalex.org/W3190130779","https://openalex.org/W3192130141","https://openalex.org/W3192326877","https://openalex.org/W3193692461","https://openalex.org/W3202472137","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6797658529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2890481954","https://openalex.org/W2184941548","https://openalex.org/W1934997005","https://openalex.org/W4235912567","https://openalex.org/W2784194192","https://openalex.org/W4377825843","https://openalex.org/W3185361189","https://openalex.org/W1569876521","https://openalex.org/W2288086107","https://openalex.org/W2794457142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,17,37,46],"cascaded":[4,92,132],"Proportional":[5],"Integral-Fractional":[6],"Order":[7],"Proportional-Integral-Derivative":[8],"(PI-FOPID)":[9],"controller":[10,27,94,105,134,168],"to":[11,97,185],"improve":[12],"the":[13,25,90,98,116,130,166,173],"frequency":[14],"response":[15],"of":[16,24,89,129,179],"hybrid":[18],"microgrid":[19,48],"system.":[20],"The":[21,42,87,127,154,162],"optimum":[22],"gains":[23],"proposed":[26,91,131,167],"are":[28,157],"fine-tuned":[29],"using":[30,160],"Gorilla":[31],"Troops":[32],"Optimizer":[33],"(GTO)":[34],"which":[35],"is":[36,45,95,135],"recent":[38],"metaheuristic":[39],"optimization":[40,112],"algorithm.":[41],"case":[43],"study":[44],"two-area":[47],"system":[49,85],"that":[50,165],"contains":[51],"diesel":[52],"generators,":[53],"various":[54],"renewable":[55,150],"energy":[56,69,151],"sources":[57,152],"such":[58,119,140],"as":[59,65,67,120,141],"photovoltaic":[60],"and":[61,76,109,123,149,176,181],"wind":[62,74],"generation":[63],"systems,":[64],"well":[66],"different":[68,138,142],"storage":[70],"devices.":[71],"Moreover,":[72],"real":[73],"speed":[75],"solar":[77],"irradiance":[78],"measurements":[79],"have":[80],"been":[81],"collected":[82],"for":[83],"proper":[84],"modeling.":[86],"performance":[88],"PI-FOPID":[93,133],"compared":[96,184],"single":[99],"structure":[100],"fractional":[101],"order":[102],"PID":[103],"(FOPID)":[104],"based":[106],"on":[107],"GTO":[108],"numerous":[110],"other":[111,186],"techniques":[113],"presented":[114],"in":[115,172],"previous":[117],"literature":[118],"Genetic":[121],"Algorithm":[122],"Particle":[124],"Swarm":[125],"Optimization.":[126],"robustness":[128],"investigated":[136],"under":[137],"scenarios":[139],"step":[143],"load":[144,147],"perturbations,":[145],"random":[146],"disturbances,":[148],"variation.":[153],"simulation":[155],"results":[156,163],"carried":[158],"out":[159],"MATLAB/Simulink.":[161],"show":[164],"provides":[169],"an":[170],"improvement":[171],"maximum":[174],"overshoot/undershoot":[175],"settling":[177],"time":[178],"99.8%":[180],"75.9%,":[182],"respectively,":[183],"competing":[187],"techniques.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}