{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208071556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125274","title":"A 10 Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter With Feed-Forward Implementation of Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding in 28 nm CMOS","display_name":"A 10 Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter With Feed-Forward Implementation of Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding in 28 nm CMOS","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208071556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125274","mag":"3208071556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125274","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004761697","display_name":"Byungjun Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-4132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Byungjun Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102716079","display_name":"Gyu-Seob Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9432-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138881","display_name":"Ayar Labs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03rgkeg55","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138881"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyu-Seob Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ayar Labs, Santa Clara, CA, USA","Ayar Labs, 3351 Olcott St Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ayar Labs, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138881"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ayar Labs, 3351 Olcott St Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076912988","display_name":"Jeongho Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-782X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66217453","display_name":"Cadence Design Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w8xa018","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongho Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cadence Design Systems, San Jose, CA, USA","Cadence Design Systems, San Jose, CA 95134 USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cadence Design Systems, San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cadence Design Systems, San Jose, CA 95134 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66217453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084577882","display_name":"Kwanseo Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4727-9868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwanseo Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028207573","display_name":"Hyungrok Do","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-6809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyungrok Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017126528","display_name":"Hyo\u2010Jun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-576X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyojun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024718349","display_name":"Han-Gon Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-3321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089054","display_name":"Seoul Semiconductor (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/007vmjm88","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089054"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Gon Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["ONE Semiconductor, Suwon-si, South Korea","ONE semiconductor, Suwon-si 16226, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ONE Semiconductor, Suwon-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089054"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ONE semiconductor, Suwon-si 16226, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074033770","display_name":"Moon\u2010Chul Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9100-1559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088807","display_name":"Samsung Pharm (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/003eds368","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088807"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moon-Chul Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Hwaseong 18448, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210088807"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008010401","display_name":"Deog\u2010Kyoon Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-703X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deog-Kyoon Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004761697"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51990046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"156789","last_page":"156798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.7532421350479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6545316576957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.5296879410743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5236801505088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.485549658536911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3995821475982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3880079984664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3709565997123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3617108166217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.33958226442337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3366425633430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18323224782943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.1292092502117157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.7532421350479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6545316576957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.5296879410743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5236801505088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.485549658536911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3995821475982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3880079984664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3709565997123718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3617108166217804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.33958226442337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3366425633430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18323224782943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.1292092502117157}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a1222b27a2534eafae53be7a52e01438","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a1222b27a2534eafae53be7a52e01438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 156789-156798 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2896347887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"220-0-01307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321292","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029495000","https://openalex.org/W2034940072","https://openalex.org/W2058127189","https://openalex.org/W2080039529","https://openalex.org/W2118112972","https://openalex.org/W2125609692","https://openalex.org/W2528485784","https://openalex.org/W2586416356","https://openalex.org/W2625056576","https://openalex.org/W2724246308","https://openalex.org/W2899260017","https://openalex.org/W2956155960","https://openalex.org/W3199786372","https://openalex.org/W6677384626","https://openalex.org/W6733104360","https://openalex.org/W6756315862","https://openalex.org/W6791308529"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152088989","https://openalex.org/W2756419127","https://openalex.org/W4366493479","https://openalex.org/W2905893439","https://openalex.org/W3135374966","https://openalex.org/W2150616327","https://openalex.org/W2554517556","https://openalex.org/W2953205382","https://openalex.org/W1994906402","https://openalex.org/W4285231928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"10":[1],"Gb/s":[2],"PAM-4":[3],"transmitter":[4],"(TX)":[5],"with":[6,45,82,153,161,192],"a":[7,79,83,134,140,148,154,162],"modulo-based":[8],"equalization":[9,29,55],"technique":[10],"is":[11,36,69,196],"presented.":[12],"The":[13,31,52,64,128,143],"proposed":[14,144],"feed-forward":[15,28],"Tomlinson-Harashima":[16,24],"precoding":[17,25],"(FF-THP)":[18],"scheme":[19],"takes":[20],"advantage":[21],"of":[22,54,66,88,106,124,130,158,164,170,173,207],"both":[23],"(THP)":[26],"and":[27,74,91,101,110,160,181,186],"(FFE).":[30],"vertical":[32],"eye":[33,126,188],"margin":[34],"(VEM)":[35],"enhanced":[37],"by":[38,71,120,139],"removing":[39],"the":[40,49,67,99,102,122,131,177],"precursor":[41,100],"inter-symbol":[42],"interference":[43],"(ISI)":[44],"pretaps":[46],"while":[47],"incorporating":[48],"modulo":[50],"operation.":[51],"VEMs":[53],"methods":[56],"are":[57,94,118,137],"derived":[58,95],"based":[59,114],"on":[60,115,184],"z-domain":[61],"response":[62],"(ZDR).":[63],"effectiveness":[65],"FF-THP":[68,93,132,178],"examined":[70],"quantitative":[72],"analysis":[73],"numerical":[75],"simulation.":[76],"Especially":[77],"for":[78,147],"one-pole":[80],"channel":[81,151,171],"precursor,":[84],"optimized":[85],"tap":[86],"coefficients":[87],"an":[89,92,125,193,204],"FFE":[90,136],"as":[96],"closed-form":[97],"concerning":[98],"first":[103],"postcursor.":[104],"Calculations":[105],"decision":[107],"threshold":[108],"voltage":[109],"estimated":[111],"bathtub":[112],"curve":[113],"Gaussian":[116],"noise":[117],"featured":[119],"using":[121],"histogram":[123],"diagram.":[127],"advantages":[129],"over":[133],"conventional":[135],"measured":[138],"fabricated":[141,197],"chip.":[142],"TX":[145],"compensates":[146],"21":[149],"dB":[150],"loss":[152],"level":[155],"mismatch":[156],"ratio":[157],"99.1%":[159],"figure":[163],"merit":[165],"(energy":[166],"efficiency":[167],"per":[168],"sum":[169],"ISI)":[172],"4.05":[174],"pJ/b/ISI.":[175],"Moreover,":[176],"achieves":[179],"38%":[180],"87.5%":[182],"improvement":[183],"VEM":[185],"horizontal":[187],"margin,":[189],"respectively,":[190],"compared":[191],"FFE.":[194],"It":[195],"in":[198],"28":[199],"nm":[200],"CMOS":[201],"technology,":[202],"occupying":[203],"active":[205],"area":[206],"0.075":[208],"mm2.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
