{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208146415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125097","title":"MIMO Antenna System With Pattern Diversity for Sub-6 GHz Mobile Phone Applications","display_name":"MIMO Antenna System With Pattern Diversity for Sub-6 GHz Mobile Phone Applications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208146415","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125097","mag":"3208146415"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125097","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011828804","display_name":"Uzair Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7384-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uzair Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan","Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103127236","display_name":"Sadiq Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-1577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadiq Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan","Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5299-1577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055023642","display_name":"Umair Rafique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-7813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umair Rafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome 00184, Italy","ORCiD","Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6515-7813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma, Rome 00184, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023075578","display_name":"Dong\u2010You Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0664-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-You Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication and Wave Propagation Laboratory, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea. (e-mail: dychoi@chosun.ac.kr)","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication and Wave Propagation Laboratory, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0664-7908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication and Wave Propagation Laboratory, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea. (e-mail: dychoi@chosun.ac.kr)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication and Wave Propagation Laboratory, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073662561","display_name":"Rizwan Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan","Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Engineering Department, University of Engineering & Technology, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064401174","display_name":"Babar Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-4987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babar Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5468-4987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034615267","display_name":"Ashfaq Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-9010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152238500","display_name":"Chosun University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zt9a375","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashfaq Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communication and Wave Propagation Laboratory, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea","Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication and Wave Propagation Laboratory, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0966-9010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communication and Wave Propagation Laboratory, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Communication and Wave Propagation Laboratory, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152238500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":23.0864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99013984,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"149240","last_page":"149249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-efficiency","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","score":0.545576810836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.4920293986797333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44947052001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4464068114757538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-measurement","display_name":"Antenna measurement","score":0.44475552439689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4369277358055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3961808681488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36339956521987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33466336131095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.33036088943481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28402745723724365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160844929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55604036","display_name":"Antenna efficiency","level":4,"score":0.545576810836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.4920293986797333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44947052001953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4464068114757538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.44475552439689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4369277358055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3961808681488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36339956521987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33466336131095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.33036088943481445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28402745723724365}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c3590eaa88454570a4e5270b537d340c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c3590eaa88454570a4e5270b537d340c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 149240-149249 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:143103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/143103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3956044245","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4299990114316","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7518352486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1F1A1058128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007651953","https://openalex.org/W2052190282","https://openalex.org/W2394607654","https://openalex.org/W2485002873","https://openalex.org/W2519326593","https://openalex.org/W2589826375","https://openalex.org/W2796572617","https://openalex.org/W2804727134","https://openalex.org/W2807986101","https://openalex.org/W2886087152","https://openalex.org/W2902517788","https://openalex.org/W2903015227","https://openalex.org/W2911318067","https://openalex.org/W2918941554","https://openalex.org/W2921555616","https://openalex.org/W2944677576","https://openalex.org/W2945130608","https://openalex.org/W2946906962","https://openalex.org/W2964202286","https://openalex.org/W2973849744","https://openalex.org/W2975941194","https://openalex.org/W2999249047","https://openalex.org/W3003081092","https://openalex.org/W3004157903","https://openalex.org/W3018492565","https://openalex.org/W3085600507","https://openalex.org/W3093782740","https://openalex.org/W3112530538","https://openalex.org/W3120523925","https://openalex.org/W3133516239","https://openalex.org/W3198512847","https://openalex.org/W6733773430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033921874","https://openalex.org/W2038535043","https://openalex.org/W4390582938","https://openalex.org/W2060502882","https://openalex.org/W2124102346","https://openalex.org/W2125220165","https://openalex.org/W2112927053","https://openalex.org/W2157791755","https://openalex.org/W1970327477","https://openalex.org/W3151400447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,153],"MIMO":[1],"antenna":[2,16,70,173,210],"system":[3,211],"is":[4,65,77,115,139],"designed":[5],"and":[6,91,120,147,160,196,203,219],"presented":[7,74,172],"for":[8,111,127,135,166],"sub-6":[9],"GHz":[10,122],"mobile":[11,37,185],"phone":[12,38,186],"applications.":[13],"The":[14,171],"proposed":[15,209],"design":[17,174],"consists":[18],"of":[19,35,48,57,155,183,192],"six":[20,26],"loop-type":[21],"radiation":[22,162,169,178],"elements.":[23,71],"From":[24,72],"the":[25,33,36,46,49,55,58,69,73,80,84,92,108,113,132,137,167,184,190,193,208,216],"elements,":[27],"four":[28],"elements":[29,51,81,95],"are":[30,52,86,164,201],"placed":[31,53,82,94],"at":[32,83,88,98],"corners":[34],"PCB":[39],"by":[40],"following":[41],"pattern":[42],"diversity":[43],"configuration,":[44],"while":[45,126],"rest":[47],"two":[50],"in":[54,215],"center":[56,93],"PCB.":[59,187],"Furthermore,":[60],"a":[61],"50\u03a9":[62],"coaxial":[63],"connector":[64],"utilized":[66],"to":[67,103,141],"feed":[68],"results,":[75],"it":[76,204],"demonstrated":[78],"that":[79,207],"edges":[85],"resonating":[87],"2.5":[89],"GHz,":[90],"provide":[96],"resonance":[97],"3.5":[99],"GHz.":[100],"Moreover,":[101],"according":[102],"S11":[104,128],"\u2264":[105,129],"-6":[106],"dB,":[107,131],"impedance":[109,133],"bandwidth":[110,134],"both":[112,136],"bands":[114,138],"790":[116],"MHz":[117,144,149],"(2.3-3.09":[118],"GHz)":[119,146],"1.18":[121],"(2.99-4.17":[123],"GHz),":[124,151],"respectively;":[125],"-10":[130],"noted":[140],"be":[142],"340":[143],"(2.38-2.72":[145],"650":[148],"(3.17\u20133.84":[150],"respectively.":[152],"gain":[154],"more":[156],"than":[157],"4":[158],"dBi":[159],">85%":[161],"efficiency":[163],"achieved":[165],"single":[168],"element.":[170],"also":[175],"provides":[176,212],"sufficient":[177],"coverage":[179],"supporting":[180],"different":[181],"sides":[182],"In":[188],"addition,":[189],"effects":[191],"human":[194],"hand":[195],"head":[197],"on":[198],"antenna\u2019s":[199],"performance":[200],"studied":[202],"was":[205],"observed":[206],"acceptable":[213],"properties":[214],"data":[217],"mode":[218],"talk":[220],"mode.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2021-11-08T00:00:00"}