{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214618771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125009","title":"A Novel Multilevel Lossy Compression Algorithm for Grayscale Images Inspired by the Synthesization of Biological Protein Sequences","display_name":"A Novel Multilevel Lossy Compression Algorithm for Grayscale Images Inspired by the Synthesization of Biological Protein Sequences","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214618771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125009","mag":"3214618771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125009","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027401039","display_name":"Mohammad Nassef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-6944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Nassef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Egypt. (e-mail: mnassef@uj.edu.sa)","Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8903-6944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Egypt. (e-mail: mnassef@uj.edu.sa)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003550104","display_name":"Monagi H. Alkinani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-7085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099699","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monagi H. Alkinani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7658-7085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099699"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2715,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52870168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"149657","last_page":"149680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.845262885093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.8168399333953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7795230150222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.7356981635093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.6179893612861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.557313859462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5248717665672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5102097988128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5014309883117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.49337807297706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.44377508759498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg-2000","display_name":"JPEG 2000","score":0.44149288535118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.41528159379959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41390323638916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38313406705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.23852664232254028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.845262885093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.8168399333953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7795230150222778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.7356981635093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.6179893612861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.557313859462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5248717665672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5102097988128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5014309883117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.49337807297706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44377508759498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69216139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931783","display_name":"JPEG 2000","level":5,"score":0.44149288535118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41528159379959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41390323638916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38313406705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.23852664232254028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bb8d40c1156c45ba9b970d6c50c055b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bb8d40c1156c45ba9b970d6c50c055b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 149657-149680 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3125009","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3125009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8785359118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UJ-02-071-DR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329038","funder_display_name":"University of Jeddah"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329038","display_name":"University of Jeddah","ror":"https://ror.org/015ya8798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109683945","https://openalex.org/W1506646996","https://openalex.org/W1527632333","https://openalex.org/W1588594383","https://openalex.org/W1991719850","https://openalex.org/W2000390755","https://openalex.org/W2040903332","https://openalex.org/W2083242138","https://openalex.org/W2112365634","https://openalex.org/W2115331920","https://openalex.org/W2124335405","https://openalex.org/W2125349979","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2158003722","https://openalex.org/W2163034211","https://openalex.org/W2184159350","https://openalex.org/W2534271120","https://openalex.org/W2735138488","https://openalex.org/W2771942883","https://openalex.org/W2789561488","https://openalex.org/W2910842884","https://openalex.org/W2960813931","https://openalex.org/W3043404259","https://openalex.org/W3080337160","https://openalex.org/W3083244333","https://openalex.org/W3084569227","https://openalex.org/W3109603826","https://openalex.org/W3134748538","https://openalex.org/W4235416530","https://openalex.org/W4235504192","https://openalex.org/W6604412399","https://openalex.org/W6758301949"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023810505","https://openalex.org/W1999625740","https://openalex.org/W2560501099","https://openalex.org/W2032656843","https://openalex.org/W2441603424","https://openalex.org/W2976216445","https://openalex.org/W2013943429","https://openalex.org/W3162084246","https://openalex.org/W2096442341","https://openalex.org/W2078838509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enormous":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,10,22,44,87,99],"images":[3,45],"are":[4],"generated":[5],"daily":[6],"in":[7],"all":[8],"areas":[9],"life,":[11],"including":[12],"social":[13],"media,":[14],"medical":[15],"and":[16,42,48,124,131],"navigation":[17],"images.":[18],"Moreover,":[19],"the":[20,35,39,58,85,103,148,155],"development":[21],"smart":[23],"phones":[24],"among":[25],"other":[26],"specialized":[27],"media-capturing":[28],"devices":[29],"has":[30],"witnessed":[31],"great":[32],"advances":[33],"during":[34],"last":[36],"decade.":[37],"Consequently,":[38],"storage,":[40],"transmission,":[41],"analysis":[43],"become":[46],"essential":[47],"frequent":[49],"tasks.":[50],"Thus,":[51],"various":[52],"research":[53],"efforts":[54],"tried":[55],"to":[56,154],"address":[57],"image":[59,140,159],"compression":[60,73,115,119,160],"problem":[61],"from":[62],"different":[63],"computational":[64],"perspectives.":[65],"This":[66],"article":[67],"presents":[68],"a":[69],"novel":[70],"multilevel":[71],"lossy":[72,158],"algorithm":[74,150],"for":[75],"grayscale":[76,139],"images,":[77],"namely":[78],"Image-as-Protein":[79],"(IaP),":[80],"that":[81,93,147],"is":[82,151],"inspired":[83],"by":[84,112],"translation":[86],"DNA":[88],"sequences":[89,92],"into":[90],"protein":[91,106],"occurs":[94],"inside":[95],"live":[96],"beings.":[97],"Because":[98],"its":[100],"high":[101],"similarity,":[102],"resulting":[104],"textual":[105],"sequence":[107],"can":[108],"then":[109],"be":[110],"tackled":[111],"general":[113],"text":[114],"techniques":[116],"with":[117],"competitive":[118],"ratios.":[120],"Various":[121],"qualitative":[122],"comparisons":[123],"quantitative":[125],"measures":[126],"such":[127],"as":[128],"BPP,":[129],"SSIM":[130],"PSNR":[132],"have":[133],"been":[134],"carried":[135],"out":[136],"on":[137],"multiple":[138],"benchmark":[141],"datasets.":[142],"The":[143],"experimental":[144],"results":[145],"showed":[146],"proposed":[149],"promising":[152],"compared":[153],"famous":[156],"JPEG":[157],"standard.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
