{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209272485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123562","title":"Ontology-Assisted Expert System for Algae Identification With Certainty Factors","display_name":"Ontology-Assisted Expert System for Algae Identification With Certainty Factors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209272485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123562","mag":"3209272485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3123562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123562","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09591600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09591600.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059347522","display_name":"Foni Agus Setiawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098426","display_name":"Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor","ror":"https://ror.org/00x014194","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098426"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Foni A. Setiawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Bogor 16164, Indonesia","Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4113-1280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Engineering, Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Bogor 16164, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098426"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028466031","display_name":"Reny Puspasari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086941","display_name":"Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/000fdg564","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086941"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reny Puspasari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia","Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta 10041, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-8837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta 10041, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025579710","display_name":"Lindung Parningotan Manik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindung P. Manik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8637-2881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018007438","display_name":"Zaenal Akbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3563-0021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaenal Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009864138","display_name":"Yulia Aris Kartika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-7585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulia A. Kartika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063621157","display_name":"Ika Atman Satya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-3881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ika A. Satya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-3881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006613086","display_name":"Dadan Ridwan Saleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-5012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dadan R. Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033505114","display_name":"Ariani Indrawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-9419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariani Indrawati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-9419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Informatics, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung 40135, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110496556","display_name":"Keiji Suzuki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84400586","display_name":"Future University Hakodate","ror":"https://ror.org/05szw2z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keiji Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of System Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of System Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008705694","display_name":"Hatim Albasri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1512-5001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086941","display_name":"Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/000fdg564","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086941"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hatim Albasri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia","Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta 10041, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1512-5001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Fisheries Research, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta 10041, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102134282","display_name":"Masaaki Wada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84400586","display_name":"Future University Hakodate","ror":"https://ror.org/05szw2z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaaki Wada","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of System Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of System Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84400586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059347522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098426","https://openalex.org/I4387154144"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7329,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69635033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"147665","last_page":"147677"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9304999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9304999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10765","display_name":"Marine Biology and Ecology Research","score":0.9111999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algae","display_name":"Algae","score":0.7405261397361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7195785641670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algal-bloom","display_name":"Algal bloom","score":0.5478546023368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5477253794670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bay","display_name":"Bay","score":0.4338861405849457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.32099005579948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.19085699319839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.1896972358226776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient","display_name":"Nutrient","score":0.11222442984580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytoplankton","display_name":"Phytoplankton","score":0.07469621300697327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559758991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37868","display_name":"Algae","level":2,"score":0.7405261397361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7195785641670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120305227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326139","display_name":"Algal bloom","level":4,"score":0.5478546023368835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5477253794670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115880899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124247","display_name":"Bay","level":2,"score":0.4338861405849457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.32099005579948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19085699319839478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.1896972358226776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.11222442984580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.07469621300697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3123562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123562","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09591600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cfb93949ebcf45ec883532b32303c8bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cfb93949ebcf45ec883532b32303c8bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 147665-147677 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3123562","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123562","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09591600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322716","display_name":"Japan International Cooperation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/022es3t03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338125","display_name":"Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209272485.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3209272485.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528742334","https://openalex.org/W1984842291","https://openalex.org/W2038412037","https://openalex.org/W2075265023","https://openalex.org/W2077797310","https://openalex.org/W2121882970","https://openalex.org/W2137447772","https://openalex.org/W2159940720","https://openalex.org/W2215056949","https://openalex.org/W2566319604","https://openalex.org/W2604052002","https://openalex.org/W2608421173","https://openalex.org/W2886427491","https://openalex.org/W2913414808","https://openalex.org/W3005366230","https://openalex.org/W3009954732","https://openalex.org/W3041244951","https://openalex.org/W3082879489","https://openalex.org/W3176645859","https://openalex.org/W3194894164","https://openalex.org/W6735333997","https://openalex.org/W6800060073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2240559228","https://openalex.org/W1998854056","https://openalex.org/W163493885","https://openalex.org/W2052614979","https://openalex.org/W788627627","https://openalex.org/W2755812209","https://openalex.org/W1584533863","https://openalex.org/W93324281","https://openalex.org/W2391625088","https://openalex.org/W2348278246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Harmful":[0],"Algal":[1],"Bloom":[2],"(HAB)":[3],"is":[4],"one":[5],"of":[6,77,86,88,159,201],"nature\u2019s":[7],"responses":[8],"to":[9,38,47,73,82,109,124],"nutrient":[10],"enrichment":[11],"in":[12,18,23,133,195],"aquatic":[13],"systems":[14],"and":[15,26,33,43,62,79,137],"increasingly":[16],"occurs":[17],"coastal":[19,48],"waters,":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22,71,191],"Lampung":[24],"Bay":[25],"Jakarta":[27],"Bay,":[28],"Indonesia.":[29],"HABs":[30],"present":[31],"environmental":[32],"fisheries":[34],"management":[35],"challenges":[36],"due":[37],"their":[39],"unpredictability,":[40],"spatial":[41],"coverage,":[42],"detrimental":[44],"health":[45],"effects":[46],"organisms,":[49],"including":[50],"humans.":[51],"Here,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"an":[55,157,192,202],"automated":[56],"algae":[57,78,130,179],"species":[58,76],"identification":[59,140,172,198],"system":[60,68,108,149,162,205],"assisted":[61],"validated":[63],"by":[64,141,174],"expert":[65],"judgment.":[66],"The":[67,119,144,161],"uses":[69],"ontology":[70],"guidance":[72],"determine":[74],"the":[75,84,89,107,125,134,142,148,153,171,175,184],"certainty":[80],"factors":[81],"indicate":[83],"level":[85],"confidence":[87],"experts":[90,176],"when":[91],"providing":[92],"a":[93,98,165],"statement":[94],"or":[95,101,199],"judgment":[96],"for":[97,206],"particular":[99],"object":[100],"event":[102],"under":[103],"consideration.":[104],"We":[105],"tested":[106],"identify":[110],"60":[111],"sample":[112],"data":[113,155],"using":[114],"51":[115],"predetermined":[116],"algal":[117,197],"characteristics.":[118],"tests":[120],"were":[121],"narrowed":[122],"down":[123],"20":[126],"most":[127],"common":[128],"HAB-causing":[129],"types":[131],"found":[132],"study":[135],"sites":[136],"compared":[138],"with":[139,156,170],"experts.":[143],"results":[145],"showed":[146],"that":[147],"has":[150,164],"successfully":[151],"identified":[152],"test":[154],"accuracy":[158,186],"73.33%.":[160],"also":[163],"high":[166],"agreement":[167],"(above":[168],"79.75%)":[169],"performed":[173],"on":[177,183],"six":[178],"species.":[180],"Further":[181],"improvement":[182],"system\u2019s":[185],"could":[187],"facilitate":[188],"its":[189],"use":[190],"alternative":[193],"tool":[194],"rapid":[196],"part":[200],"early":[203],"warning":[204],"HABs.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}