{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210351365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123439","title":"A Wide Scanning Array of Connected Bowtie Antennas Suitable for Integration in Composite Sandwich Structures With Monte-Carlo Tolerance Analysis","display_name":"A Wide Scanning Array of Connected Bowtie Antennas Suitable for Integration in Composite Sandwich Structures With Monte-Carlo Tolerance Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210351365","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123439","mag":"3210351365"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3123439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123439","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09590489.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09590489.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026542074","display_name":"Prabhat Khanal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-9312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Prabhat Khanal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. (e-mail: prabhat@chalmers.se)","Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0392-9312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. (e-mail: prabhat@chalmers.se)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084296817","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-123X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-123X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002266510","display_name":"Marianna Ivashina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-1826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marianna Ivashina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-1826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010262013","display_name":"Anders H\u00f6\u00f6k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-0463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339161553","display_name":"Saab (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/045rgx026","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339161553","https://openalex.org/I4210153572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153572","display_name":"Saab (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kyy7d06","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153572"]}],"countries":["CH","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Hook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saab AB, SE-41276 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6483-0463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saab AB, SE-41276 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339161553","https://openalex.org/I4210153572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000262706","display_name":"Ruoshan Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339161553","display_name":"Saab (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/045rgx026","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1339161553","https://openalex.org/I4210153572"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153572","display_name":"Saab (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kyy7d06","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153572"]}],"countries":["CH","SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoshan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saab AB, SE-41276 Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saab AB, SE-41276 Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339161553","https://openalex.org/I4210153572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026542074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.4739,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96025842,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"146691","last_page":"146702"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.7771550416946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.7298510074615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.6817589998245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6484670042991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.6267400979995728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5684019923210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.4943270683288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4112214744091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4100114107131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.40084120631217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32348549365997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2336457371711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20137515664100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17247608304023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0952107310295105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.7771550416946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.7298510074615479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.6817589998245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6484670042991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.6267400979995728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5684019923210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.4943270683288574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4112214744091034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4100114107131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.40084120631217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32348549365997314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2336457371711731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20137515664100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17247608304023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0952107310295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3123439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123439","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09590489.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:accd3fbc8ca645f1bc5f555b0683d21c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/accd3fbc8ca645f1bc5f555b0683d21c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 146691-146702 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:527032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/527032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:527038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/c6b64e02-0619-4a24-b50b-ff6c16947b96","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3123439","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3123439","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09590489.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4017354183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017-04871","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G643915124","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NFFP7","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","funder_display_name":"VINNOVA"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321030","display_name":"VINNOVA","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd5m353"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210351365.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3210351365.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1909762621","https://openalex.org/W2014994147","https://openalex.org/W2021111470","https://openalex.org/W2043388088","https://openalex.org/W2064025893","https://openalex.org/W2074399944","https://openalex.org/W2100805039","https://openalex.org/W2109974139","https://openalex.org/W2111428826","https://openalex.org/W2117147139","https://openalex.org/W2129868938","https://openalex.org/W2136594404","https://openalex.org/W2136924580","https://openalex.org/W2142606875","https://openalex.org/W2149453096","https://openalex.org/W2167888321","https://openalex.org/W2414517729","https://openalex.org/W2568225149","https://openalex.org/W2787369415","https://openalex.org/W2794272592","https://openalex.org/W2913022758","https://openalex.org/W2913693294","https://openalex.org/W2982632114","https://openalex.org/W3034014781","https://openalex.org/W3036113801","https://openalex.org/W3040702974","https://openalex.org/W6780857625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3175568715","https://openalex.org/W2354576673","https://openalex.org/W4290716467","https://openalex.org/W2071664861","https://openalex.org/W2391416009","https://openalex.org/W2125200416","https://openalex.org/W4391087564","https://openalex.org/W2993230840","https://openalex.org/W2540286309","https://openalex.org/W2386749714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,87],"low-profile":[1],"and":[2,15,66,74,83,94,158,172,188],"wide-scan":[3],"phased-array":[4],"antenna":[5,29,57,186],"of":[6,25,54,72,91,116,121,132,146,153,178,190],"connected":[7],"cross-bowtie":[8],"elements":[9],"is":[10,101,144],"proposed.":[11],"The":[12,137,175],"design":[13,200],"goals":[14],"considerations":[16],"are":[17],"based":[18],"on":[19,37],"the":[20,23,51,55,98,104,111,117,130,148,151,164,168,179,205],"applications":[21],"requiring":[22],"integration":[24,197],"a":[26,40,122],"large":[27,42],"array":[28,43,125,135],"with":[30,76,103,129,163,202],"composite":[31],"sandwich":[32],"structures,":[33],"such":[34],"as":[35,47],"antennas":[36],"aircraft.":[38],"In":[39],"very":[41],"environment":[44],"(modelled":[45],"approximately":[46],"an":[48],"infinite":[49],"array),":[50],"main":[52],"beam":[53,149,181],"proposed":[56],"can":[58],"be":[59],"steered":[60],"up":[61],"to":[62,204],"\u00b175\u00b0":[63],"at":[64,68,156,161],"azimuth":[65,157],"\u00b115\u00b0":[67],"elevation":[69,162],"over":[70,108],"bandwidths":[71],"10%":[73],"25%":[75],"active":[77],"reflection":[78],"coefficients":[79],"below":[80],"\u201310":[81],"dB":[82],"\u20135":[84],"dB,":[85],"respectively.":[86],"Monte":[88],"Carlo":[89],"analysis":[90],"critical":[92],"manufacturing":[93],"alignment":[95],"tolerances":[96],"shows":[97],"desired":[99],"performance":[100,166],"achieved":[102,176],"cumulative":[105],"distribution":[106],"probability":[107],"80%":[109],"under":[110],"uniformly":[112],"distributed":[113],"random":[114],"combinations":[115],"tolerances.":[118],"Experimental":[119],"results":[120],"7\u00d77":[123],"element":[124],"prototype":[126,143],"agree":[127],"well":[128],"simulations":[131],"this":[133,141,199],"small-scale":[134,142],"case.":[136],"experiments":[138],"show":[139],"that":[140],"capable":[145],"steering":[147,182],"within":[150],"range":[152],"[\u201360\u00b0,":[154],"60\u00b0]":[155],"[\u201315\u00b0,":[159],"15\u00b0]":[160],"predicted":[165],"satisfying":[167],"targeted":[169],"application":[170],"requirements":[171],"mechanical":[173],"constraints.":[174],"combination":[177],"wide":[180],"performance,":[183],"relatively":[184],"low":[185],"profile,":[187],"suitability":[189],"its":[191],"feeding":[192],"structure":[193],"for":[194],"sandwiched":[195],"electro-mechanical":[196],"makes":[198],"unique":[201],"respect":[203],"previously":[206],"published":[207],"results.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
