{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210185901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3121792","title":"ContexedNet: Context\u2013Aware Ear Detection in Unconstrained Settings","display_name":"ContexedNet: Context\u2013Aware Ear Detection in Unconstrained Settings","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210185901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3121792","mag":"3210185901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3121792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3121792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3121792","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008809776","display_name":"\u017diga Emer\u0161i\u010d","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3726-9404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziga Emersic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3726-9404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077449371","display_name":"Diego Su\u0161anj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-7345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154347574","display_name":"University of Rijeka","ror":"https://ror.org/05r8dqr10","country_code":"HR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154347574"]}],"countries":["HR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego Susanj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-7345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154347574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005642535","display_name":"Bla\u017e Meden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-4798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blaz Meden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1690-4798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027730478","display_name":"Peter Peer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-4035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Peer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-4035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038322250","display_name":"Vitomir \u0160truc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153976015","display_name":"University of Ljubljana","ror":"https://ror.org/05njb9z20","country_code":"SI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}],"countries":["SI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitomir Struc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3385-5780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153976015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.706,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94101895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"145175","last_page":"145190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11866","display_name":"Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6990407705307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6194316744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5243504047393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46643662452697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.449001669883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.3927127420902252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22597074508666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07232129573822021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6990407705307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6194316744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5243504047393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46643662452697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.449001669883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.3927127420902252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22597074508666992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07232129573822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3121792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3121792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7060491169874aff8e421e17ea0d5eab","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7060491169874aff8e421e17ea0d5eab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 145175-145190 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3121792","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3121792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1276815333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2-0214 (A)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2666276017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P2-0250 (B)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","funder_display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322554","display_name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":89,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W360623563","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1503828248","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1918005971","https://openalex.org/W1976642447","https://openalex.org/W1999028562","https://openalex.org/W2003307199","https://openalex.org/W2018953191","https://openalex.org/W2029021864","https://openalex.org/W2066876748","https://openalex.org/W2079247604","https://openalex.org/W2081293863","https://openalex.org/W2101965117","https://openalex.org/W2103210066","https://openalex.org/W2111868822","https://openalex.org/W2131848189","https://openalex.org/W2132636624","https://openalex.org/W2137962244","https://openalex.org/W2144737345","https://openalex.org/W2154559504","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2537661224","https://openalex.org/W2551082533","https://openalex.org/W2563705555","https://openalex.org/W2607432142","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2681067697","https://openalex.org/W2739474071","https://openalex.org/W2777602943","https://openalex.org/W2786059825","https://openalex.org/W2792583777","https://openalex.org/W2804800999","https://openalex.org/W2804919458","https://openalex.org/W2819500789","https://openalex.org/W2890036715","https://openalex.org/W2891396062","https://openalex.org/W2898533670","https://openalex.org/W2903961886","https://openalex.org/W2944165510","https://openalex.org/W2952110661","https://openalex.org/W2959069256","https://openalex.org/W2959696114","https://openalex.org/W2963011882","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963856926","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2970350717","https://openalex.org/W2979639244","https://openalex.org/W2982026851","https://openalex.org/W2987900835","https://openalex.org/W2988916019","https://openalex.org/W2996487215","https://openalex.org/W3003743181","https://openalex.org/W3005797878","https://openalex.org/W3009247505","https://openalex.org/W3010093963","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3021840842","https://openalex.org/W3034521057","https://openalex.org/W3035232573","https://openalex.org/W3083589295","https://openalex.org/W3102049645","https://openalex.org/W3102644505","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3117739277","https://openalex.org/W3120191541","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3152701564","https://openalex.org/W3184257017","https://openalex.org/W4297750496","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6612134913","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6698183232","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6762082143","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6787704336","https://openalex.org/W6788383600","https://openalex.org/W6792155083","https://openalex.org/W6794094203","https://openalex.org/W6798534722"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114","https://openalex.org/W4312842780","https://openalex.org/W2883677709"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ear":[0],"detection":[1,24,61,77,103,147,200,225,246],"represents":[2],"one":[3],"of":[4,8,22,29,35,40,48,111,156,173],"the":[5,20,30,38,52,171,177,191,209,228,232],"key":[6],"components":[7],"contemporary":[9],"ear":[10,23,60,86,102,146,186,199,224,245],"recognition":[11],"systems.":[12],"While":[13],"significant":[14],"progress":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"made":[18],"in":[19,37,51,62,107,205],"area":[21],"over":[25],"recent":[26],"years,":[27],"most":[28],"improvements":[31],"are":[32,54],"direct":[33],"results":[34],"advances":[36],"field":[39],"visual":[41],"object":[42],"detection.":[43],"Only":[44],"a":[45,75,108,120,149,163,184,196],"limited":[46],"number":[47],"techniques":[49,247],"presented":[50],"literature":[53],"domain\u2013specific":[55],"and":[56,73,100,144,180,211,214],"designed":[57],"explicitly":[58],"with":[59,104,243],"mind.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65,71],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"aim":[68],"to":[69,97,170,216,248],"address":[70],"gap":[72],"present":[74],"novel":[76],"approach":[78,116],"that":[79,165,189],"does":[80],"not":[81],"rely":[82],"only":[83],"on":[84,119,208],"general":[85],"(object)":[87],"appearance,":[88],"but":[89],"also":[90,240],"exploits":[91],"contextual":[92],"information,":[93],"i.e.,":[94],"face\u2013part":[95],"locations,":[96],"ensure":[98,217],"accurate":[99],"robust":[101],"images":[105],"captured":[106],"wide":[109],"variety":[110],"imaging":[112],"conditions.":[113],"The":[114],"proposed":[115,233],"is":[117,203,235],"based":[118],"<italic":[121,139,160,181],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[122,126,133,140,161,182],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Contex</i>":[123],"t\u2013aware":[124],"<inline-formula":[125,132],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[127,134],"<tex-math":[128,135],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${E}$":[129],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[130,137],"ar":[131],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${D}$":[136],"etection":[138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Net</i>":[141],"work":[142],"(ContexedNet)":[143],"poses":[145],"as":[148],"semantic":[150],"image":[151],"segmentation":[152,187],"problem.":[153],"ContexedNet":[154,202],"consists":[155],"two":[157],"processing":[158],"paths:":[159],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i)":[162],"context\u2013provider</i>":[164],"extracts":[166],"probability":[167,193],"maps":[168,194],"corresponding":[169],"locations":[172],"facial":[174],"parts":[175],"from":[176,227],"input":[178],"image,":[179],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ii)":[183],"dedicated":[185],"model</i>":[188],"integrates":[190],"computed":[192],"into":[195],"context\u2013aware":[197],"segmentation-based":[198],"procedure.":[201],"evaluated":[204,221],"rigorous":[206],"experiments":[207],"AWE":[210],"UBEAR":[212],"datasets":[213],"shown":[215],"competitive":[218],"performance":[219],"when":[220],"against":[222],"state\u2013of\u2013the\u2013art":[223],"models":[226],"literature.":[229],"Additionally,":[230],"because":[231],"contextualization":[234],"model":[236],"agnostic,":[237],"it":[238],"can":[239],"be":[241],"utilized":[242],"other":[244],"improve":[249],"performance.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}