{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205056669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120843","title":"Digital Twins From Smart Manufacturing to Smart Cities: A Survey","display_name":"Digital Twins From Smart Manufacturing to Smart Cities: A Survey","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205056669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120843","mag":"3205056669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3120843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120843","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061828253","display_name":"Georgios Mylonas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2128-720X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Mylonas","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORCiD","Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2128-720X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003483868","display_name":"\u0391\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u039a\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-7523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Kalogeras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5914-7523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076520237","display_name":"Georgios Kalogeras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-4291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Kalogeras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101791307","display_name":"Christos Anagnostopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7998-5708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Anagnostopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7998-5708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072719709","display_name":"Christos Alexakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-6781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135709","display_name":"Industrial Systems Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy6k521","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos Alexakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORCiD","Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-6781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Systems Institute, Athena Research and Innovation Center, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002249811","display_name":"Lu\u0131\u0301s Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7704-1199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","display_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","ror":"https://ror.org/046ffzj20","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Munoz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7704-1199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications Engineering, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061828253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135709"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":28.57,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":301,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99759473,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"143222","last_page":"143249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11741","display_name":"Flexible and Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems","score":0.9387999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallels","display_name":"Parallels","score":0.8576556444168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6541017293930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6189097762107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6180456280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6036019325256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.5867769718170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-manufacturing","display_name":"Smart manufacturing","score":0.5798330903053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5344592332839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5328149199485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.5132991671562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industry-4.0","display_name":"Industry 4.0","score":0.43270963430404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3285113573074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24172374606132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20987695455551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.12094360589981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.07701250910758972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775922551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135033","display_name":"Parallels","level":2,"score":0.8576556444168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6541017293930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6189097762107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6180456280708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6036019325256348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.5867769718170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988642114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25112020","display_name":"Smart manufacturing","level":2,"score":0.5798330903053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5344592332839966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5328149199485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5132991671562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.43270963430404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3285113573074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24172374606132507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20987695455551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.12094360589981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.07701250910758972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3120843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0af39e449ade46289169e72aa7c1903a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0af39e449ade46289169e72aa7c1903a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 143222-143249 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unican.es:10902/23268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10902/23268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400398","display_name":"UCrea (University of Cantabria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13134134","host_organization_name":"Universidad de Cantabria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13134134"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, 2021, 9, 143222-143249","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3120843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1337233005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSRF 2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5634946813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6003330870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MIS 5002434","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6870533126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7538097724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSRF 2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043510950","https://openalex.org/W2049757356","https://openalex.org/W2080457467","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2153578102","https://openalex.org/W2169239645","https://openalex.org/W2263363471","https://openalex.org/W2346505350","https://openalex.org/W2401076030","https://openalex.org/W2757110387","https://openalex.org/W2768655232","https://openalex.org/W2783918566","https://openalex.org/W2785458774","https://openalex.org/W2790684652","https://openalex.org/W2792939643","https://openalex.org/W2805611890","https://openalex.org/W2897042087","https://openalex.org/W2897333915","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2914718410","https://openalex.org/W2941876953","https://openalex.org/W2944299032","https://openalex.org/W2969972609","https://openalex.org/W2978815226","https://openalex.org/W2982689699","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W2987710132","https://openalex.org/W2988359971","https://openalex.org/W2988439746","https://openalex.org/W2991356914","https://openalex.org/W2994200381","https://openalex.org/W2996671652","https://openalex.org/W2997072997","https://openalex.org/W2997633251","https://openalex.org/W3003667836","https://openalex.org/W3004455307","https://openalex.org/W3004802603","https://openalex.org/W3010975660","https://openalex.org/W3011950450","https://openalex.org/W3014392933","https://openalex.org/W3015781627","https://openalex.org/W3015876956","https://openalex.org/W3016010635","https://openalex.org/W3032227734","https://openalex.org/W3033672787","https://openalex.org/W3033864100","https://openalex.org/W3033971127","https://openalex.org/W3036600965","https://openalex.org/W3038007669","https://openalex.org/W3038546731","https://openalex.org/W3042091195","https://openalex.org/W3042451264","https://openalex.org/W3046694014","https://openalex.org/W3047607466","https://openalex.org/W3047921508","https://openalex.org/W3092647364","https://openalex.org/W3096818947","https://openalex.org/W3107642408","https://openalex.org/W3109750554","https://openalex.org/W3120064844","https://openalex.org/W3120084225","https://openalex.org/W3126635205","https://openalex.org/W3127614346","https://openalex.org/W3129102633","https://openalex.org/W3129298964","https://openalex.org/W3129920713","https://openalex.org/W3130503957","https://openalex.org/W3132404826","https://openalex.org/W3132985895","https://openalex.org/W3137644293","https://openalex.org/W3139158806","https://openalex.org/W3158590963","https://openalex.org/W3159540047","https://openalex.org/W3184569878","https://openalex.org/W3198720901","https://openalex.org/W3209398723","https://openalex.org/W4213084971","https://openalex.org/W4250034186","https://openalex.org/W6790314996","https://openalex.org/W6801096067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296618677","https://openalex.org/W2605859962","https://openalex.org/W3184091693","https://openalex.org/W4387261294","https://openalex.org/W2789411814","https://openalex.org/W4319589406","https://openalex.org/W4283524929","https://openalex.org/W3114672757","https://openalex.org/W4389896816","https://openalex.org/W2945357379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0],"twins":[1,50,68,74,111],"are":[2],"quickly":[3],"becoming":[4],"a":[5],"popular":[6,95],"tool":[7],"in":[8,16,51,69,79,88,104,112,173],"several":[9],"domains,":[10],"taking":[11],"advantage":[12],"of":[13,19,54,66,83,125,143,157,170],"recent":[14,141],"advancements":[15],"the":[17,31,35,43,52,64,80,101,105,129,158,168],"Internet":[18,82],"Things,":[20],"Machine":[21],"Learning":[22],"and":[23,34,107,119,135,155],"Big":[24],"Data,":[25],"while":[26,57],"being":[27],"used":[28],"by":[29],"both":[30],"industry":[32],"sector":[33],"research":[36,45],"community.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39,171],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"review":[42],"current":[44],"landscape":[46],"as":[47,94,122,163],"regards":[48],"digital":[49,67,73,110,144],"field":[53,106],"smart":[55,89,113,159],"cities,":[56],"also":[58,147],"attempting":[59],"to":[60,128,139,165],"draw":[61],"parallels":[62],"with":[63],"application":[65],"Industry":[70],"4.0.":[71],"Although":[72],"have":[75],"received":[76],"considerable":[77],"attention":[78],"Industrial":[81],"Things":[84],"domain,":[85],"their":[86],"utilization":[87],"cities":[90,114],"has":[91],"not":[92],"been":[93],"thus":[96],"far.":[97],"We":[98,146],"discuss":[99],"here":[100],"open":[102],"challenges":[103],"argue":[108,148],"that":[109,149],"should":[115,151],"be":[116,120],"treated":[117],"differently":[118],"considered":[121],"cyber-physical":[123],"\"systems":[124],"systems\",":[126],"due":[127],"vastly":[130],"different":[131],"system":[132],"size,":[133],"complexity":[134],"requirements,":[136],"when":[137],"compared":[138],"other":[140],"applications":[142],"twins.":[145],"researchers":[150],"utilize":[152],"established":[153],"tools":[154],"methods":[156],"city":[160],"community,":[161],"such":[162],"co-creation,":[164],"better":[166],"handle":[167],"specificities":[169],"domain":[172],"practice.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":84},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
