{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205835814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120618","title":"Assistive Delivery Robot Application for Real-World Postal Services","display_name":"Assistive Delivery Robot Application for Real-World Postal Services","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205835814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120618","mag":"3205835814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3120618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120618","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010125498","display_name":"Daegyu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-5759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daegyu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-5759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066778279","display_name":"Gyuree Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyuree Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORCiD","Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-4651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102018227","display_name":"Boseong Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-5169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boseong Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORCiD","Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7437-5169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053591461","display_name":"David Hyunchul Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-7022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Hyunchul Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["ORCiD","Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-7022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":48.3637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99717693,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"141981","last_page":"141998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7782946825027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6623706817626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5558249354362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5466802716255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.5440621972084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.5174568295478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4971919357776642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.46192142367362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4540487229824066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.4346056580543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4271834194660187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.337253212928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12927812337875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7782946825027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6623706817626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5558249354362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5466802716255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.5440621972084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.5174568295478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4971919357776642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.46192142367362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4540487229824066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.4346056580543518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4271834194660187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.337253212928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12927812337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3120618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eff6815fbce34d53b9597c029300b1b8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eff6815fbce34d53b9597c029300b1b8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 141981-141998 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3120618","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3120618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1039687052","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-0-00297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567242735","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1863471956","https://openalex.org/W1916324727","https://openalex.org/W1969472392","https://openalex.org/W1969591148","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W2015996585","https://openalex.org/W2042939969","https://openalex.org/W2053101740","https://openalex.org/W2055000932","https://openalex.org/W2061095565","https://openalex.org/W2073476719","https://openalex.org/W2074658631","https://openalex.org/W2101810530","https://openalex.org/W2102755397","https://openalex.org/W2118223742","https://openalex.org/W2125556102","https://openalex.org/W2134019518","https://openalex.org/W2152864241","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2166132830","https://openalex.org/W2167933786","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2296147781","https://openalex.org/W2296228853","https://openalex.org/W2471969791","https://openalex.org/W2490270993","https://openalex.org/W2534986651","https://openalex.org/W2543842619","https://openalex.org/W2567328166","https://openalex.org/W2593973555","https://openalex.org/W2740024839","https://openalex.org/W2745859992","https://openalex.org/W2772789928","https://openalex.org/W2901136733","https://openalex.org/W2909908358","https://openalex.org/W2913670883","https://openalex.org/W2942462182","https://openalex.org/W2962684941","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963566952","https://openalex.org/W2964036159","https://openalex.org/W2970987838","https://openalex.org/W2973002096","https://openalex.org/W2975461012","https://openalex.org/W2984111315","https://openalex.org/W2992218434","https://openalex.org/W3007240855","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3024013037","https://openalex.org/W3035056458","https://openalex.org/W3035144680","https://openalex.org/W3035160052","https://openalex.org/W3037182345","https://openalex.org/W3046694459","https://openalex.org/W3047395687","https://openalex.org/W3048204614","https://openalex.org/W3091687063","https://openalex.org/W3094045556","https://openalex.org/W3094967394","https://openalex.org/W3108024402","https://openalex.org/W3118635606","https://openalex.org/W3120910864","https://openalex.org/W3129207516","https://openalex.org/W3129245057","https://openalex.org/W3140587464","https://openalex.org/W3142235523","https://openalex.org/W4231202173","https://openalex.org/W4243425824","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638966615","https://openalex.org/W6677871018","https://openalex.org/W6681158678","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6733984014","https://openalex.org/W6756486208","https://openalex.org/W6767764640","https://openalex.org/W6774320338","https://openalex.org/W6777046832","https://openalex.org/W6780411392","https://openalex.org/W6790220583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794103424","https://openalex.org/W1996530509","https://openalex.org/W3028317537","https://openalex.org/W2389515972","https://openalex.org/W4245435724","https://openalex.org/W2055301889","https://openalex.org/W4400979532","https://openalex.org/W2376554934","https://openalex.org/W2281433634","https://openalex.org/W2143648480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,18,42,56],"robot":[4,63,117,161],"system":[5],"that":[6,74,149],"is":[7,64],"designed":[8,66],"to":[9,35,67,135,147],"assist":[10],"postal":[11,95,123],"workers":[12,124],"by":[13],"carrying":[14],"heavy":[15],"packages":[16],"in":[17,156],"complex":[19],"urban":[20],"environment":[21],"such":[22,29],"as":[23],"apartment":[24],"complex.":[25],"Since":[26],"most":[27],"of":[28,114],"areas":[30],"do":[31],"not":[32],"have":[33],"access":[34],"reliable":[36,165],"GPS":[37],"signal":[38],"reception,":[39],"we":[40,119,144],"propose":[41],"3-D":[43],"point":[44],"cloud":[45],"map":[46],"based":[47],"matching":[48],"localization":[49],"with":[50,55,69,121,164],"robust":[51],"position":[52,166],"estimation":[53],"along":[54],"perception-based":[57],"visual":[58],"servoing":[59],"algorithm.":[60],"The":[61],"delivery":[62,128],"also":[65],"communicate":[68],"the":[70,75,79,94,112,115,137,150,160],"control":[71],"center":[72],"so":[73],"operator":[76],"can":[77,97],"monitor":[78],"current":[80],"and":[81,89,103,168],"past":[82],"situation":[83],"using":[84,106],"onboard":[85],"videos,":[86],"obstacle":[87,169],"information,":[88],"emergency":[90],"stop":[91],"logs.":[92],"Also,":[93],"worker":[96],"choose":[98],"between":[99],"autonomous":[100],"driving":[101],"mode":[102,105],"follow-me":[104],"his/her":[107],"mobile":[108],"device.":[109],"To":[110],"validate":[111],"performance":[113],"proposed":[116,151],"system,":[118],"collaborated":[120],"full-time":[122],"performing":[125],"their":[126],"actual":[127],"services":[129],"for":[130],"more":[131],"than":[132],"four":[133],"weeks":[134],"collect":[136],"field":[138],"operation":[139],"data.":[140],"Using":[141],"this":[142],"data,":[143],"were":[145],"able":[146],"confirm":[148],"map-matching":[152],"algorithm":[153],"performs":[154],"well":[155],"various":[157],"environments":[158],"where":[159],"could":[162],"navigate":[163],"accuracy":[167],"avoidance":[170],"capability.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-21T07:57:09.225873","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
