{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207495861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118686","title":"5G Wireless Emergency Alerts Based on Image Code and Cell Clustering","display_name":"5G Wireless Emergency Alerts Based on Image Code and Cell Clustering","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207495861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118686","mag":"3207495861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3118686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118686","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09564025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09564025.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054433421","display_name":"Sekchin Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-3799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124633538","display_name":"University of Seoul","ror":"https://ror.org/05en5nh73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124633538"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1333370159","display_name":"Motorola (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01hafxd32","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["KR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sekchin Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea. (e-mail: schang213@uos.ac.kr)","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea, where","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA, in 2001. From 1993","Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, in 1991 and 1993, respectively,","Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejon, Korea. He","Motorola, Inc., Austin, TX, USA, from 2000"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-3799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea. (e-mail: schang213@uos.ac.kr)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124633538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124633538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea, where","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124633538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA, in 2001. From 1993","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, in 1991 and 1993, respectively,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejon, Korea. He","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motorola, Inc., Austin, TX, USA, from 2000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1333370159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054433421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124633538","https://openalex.org/I1333370159","https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I197347611","https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"apc_paid":{"value":2075,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2075},"fwci":0.4851,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60136772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"139214","last_page":"139227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8620189428329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6308032870292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4934493601322174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4823398292064667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44680774211883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16689035296440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16661754250526428}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8620189428329468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6308032870292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4934493601322174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4823398292064667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44680774211883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16689035296440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16661754250526428}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3118686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118686","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09564025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e71404ca4dd446ba4c1e51109533810","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e71404ca4dd446ba4c1e51109533810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 139214-139227 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3118686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3118686","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09564025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8451848263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017R1A2B4005105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207495861.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3207495861.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W340672807","https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W2027278098","https://openalex.org/W2216097327","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W2762547226","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2966028448","https://openalex.org/W2972260047","https://openalex.org/W2973699883","https://openalex.org/W2982608784","https://openalex.org/W3015201262","https://openalex.org/W3019913914","https://openalex.org/W3022123711","https://openalex.org/W3022651130","https://openalex.org/W3023553154","https://openalex.org/W3023651967","https://openalex.org/W3030667075","https://openalex.org/W3134962543","https://openalex.org/W3163035554","https://openalex.org/W6778344253"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"novel":[3,112,158],"wireless":[4,118],"emergency":[5,27,46,119,126],"alerts":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8,57,171],"image":[9,137],"code":[10,138],"and":[11,106,186,208],"cell":[12,23,31,53,64,73,85,113,163,173,180],"clustering":[13,164,174],"in":[14,41,67,139,175,204],"5G":[15,117,166],"cellular":[16,19],"systems.":[17],"Most":[18],"systems":[20],"offer":[21],"a":[22,58,111,162,179],"broadcast":[24,32,54,59,65,74,86,114],"technique":[25,123,203],"for":[26,91,116],"alert":[28,141,196],"delivery.":[29],"The":[30,121,157,189],"method":[33,115,148,197],"simultaneously":[34],"delivers":[35],"text-based":[36,101],"messages":[37],"to":[38,177,200],"the":[39,49,52,68,72,84,97,129,132,140,144,147,151,154,172,194,201],"users":[40],"specific":[42],"cells,":[43],"which":[44,61,182],"encompass":[45],"areas.":[47],"For":[48,103,128,143],"simultaneous":[50],"delivery,":[51,108],"approach":[55,134,159],"relies":[56],"mechanism,":[60],"is":[62,198],"called":[63],"service":[66,75,87,98],"3GPP":[69],"standard.":[70],"However,":[71],"exhibits":[76],"high":[77],"latency":[78,185,207],"under":[79],"poor":[80],"channel":[81],"conditions.":[82],"Moreover,":[83],"may":[88],"be":[89],"useless":[90],"illiterate":[92],"persons":[93],"or":[94],"foreigners":[95],"since":[96],"just":[99],"offers":[100,161],"messages.":[102],"more":[104],"rapid":[105],"reliable":[107],"we":[109],"propose":[110],"alerts.":[120,127],"new":[122],"enables":[124],"image-based":[125,130],"alerts,":[131],"presented":[133],"embeds":[135],"an":[136],"message.":[142],"image-code":[145],"embedment,":[146],"effectively":[149],"exploits":[150],"feature":[152],"of":[153,206],"message":[155],"structure.":[156],"also":[160],"technique.":[165],"mobile":[167],"terminals":[168],"can":[169],"rely":[170],"order":[176],"achieve":[178],"diversity,":[181],"considerably":[183],"enhances":[184],"reliability":[187],"performance.":[188],"experimental":[190],"results":[191],"exhibit":[192],"that":[193],"proposed":[195],"superior":[199],"conventional":[202],"terms":[205],"reliability.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}