{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204812546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3117335","title":"Development of Floating-Point MAC Engine for 2-D Convolution of Image","display_name":"Development of Floating-Point MAC Engine for 2-D Convolution of Image","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204812546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3117335","mag":"3204812546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3117335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3117335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3117335","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ajay Kumar Sahu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-0893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Kumar Sahu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9991-0893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062588113","display_name":"Vishnumurthy Kedlaya K.","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishnumurthy Kedlaya K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-1977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012146619","display_name":"Subramanya G. Nayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subramanya G. Nayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","ORCiD"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-4392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52016595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"138849","last_page":"138857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.792017936706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5310293436050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.529521644115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.48739486932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4578598141670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.42283323407173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.42173510789871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.379014253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3559992015361786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3398207724094391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.32878848910331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23745381832122803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.792017936706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5310293436050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.529521644115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.48739486932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4578598141670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.42283323407173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.42173510789871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.379014253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3559992015361786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3398207724094391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32878848910331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23745381832122803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3117335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3117335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:01b9f42403b6418f872122496cf3f720","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/01b9f42403b6418f872122496cf3f720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 138849-138857 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3117335","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3117335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970370079","https://openalex.org/W2102040279","https://openalex.org/W2102543317","https://openalex.org/W2124538390","https://openalex.org/W2129589372","https://openalex.org/W2152724437","https://openalex.org/W2170140732","https://openalex.org/W2546299555","https://openalex.org/W2614836666","https://openalex.org/W2845210056","https://openalex.org/W2884653580","https://openalex.org/W2887397219","https://openalex.org/W2946494244","https://openalex.org/W2969929665","https://openalex.org/W2990518251","https://openalex.org/W3011991755","https://openalex.org/W3131615125","https://openalex.org/W4239510973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182785089","https://openalex.org/W4312178642","https://openalex.org/W4387838477","https://openalex.org/W2067193074","https://openalex.org/W3107426390","https://openalex.org/W2375093801","https://openalex.org/W4312624109","https://openalex.org/W3175683656","https://openalex.org/W4388214549","https://openalex.org/W2801208768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,21,57,62,122,126,129,136,140,144,148],"emerging":[2],"trend":[3],"of":[4,20,30,43,65,139,147],"Graphics":[5],"Processing":[6],"Architecture,":[7],"IEEE":[8],"754-2008":[9],"Floating":[10,51],"point":[11],"numbers":[12],"are":[13],"being":[14],"widely":[15],"used.":[16],"Convolution":[17],"is":[18,42],"one":[19,110],"standard":[22],"operations":[23],"in":[24],"image":[25,39,90,141],"processing":[26,40],"applications,":[27],"and":[28,37,80,89,105,135],"because":[29],"its":[31],"computationally":[32],"intensive":[33],"nature,":[34],"an":[35],"appropriate":[36],"efficient":[38],"architecture":[41],"great":[44],"need.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47,127],"proposes":[48],"a":[49,70,106],"single-precision":[50],"Point":[52],"MAC":[53,123],"engine":[54,68],"to":[55,86,120],"accelerate":[56],"sliding":[58],"window":[59],"algorithm":[60,72],"for":[61,73],"2-D":[63],"convolution":[64],"image.":[66],"The":[67],"uses":[69],"modified":[71],"virtual":[74],"zero-padding":[75],"that":[76],"saves":[77],"memory":[78],"space,":[79],"it":[81],"also":[82],"provides":[83],"configurable":[84],"parameters":[85],"specify":[87],"filter":[88],"size.":[91],"A":[92],"low":[93],"power":[94,131],"multiplier":[95],"with":[96],"reduced":[97],"dynamic":[98],"power,":[99],"specifically":[100],"when":[101],"operating":[102],"on":[103,113],"pixels":[104],"faster":[107],"increment":[108],"by":[109],"circuit":[111],"based":[112],"AND-EXOR":[114],"gate":[115],"structures,":[116],"has":[117],"been":[118],"proposed":[119,149],"improve":[121],"architecture.":[124,150],"Finally,":[125],"shows":[128],"post-synthesis":[130],"dissipation,":[132],"area":[133],"estimate,":[134],"quality":[137],"comparison":[138],"obtained":[142],"from":[143],"RTL":[145],"Simulation":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}