{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202469007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114675","title":"Quantifying Perception of Security Through Social Media and Its Relationship With Crime","display_name":"Quantifying Perception of Security Through Social Media and Its Relationship With Crime","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202469007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114675","mag":"3202469007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3114675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114675","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09546786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09546786.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073484366","display_name":"L. F. Chaparro Sierra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-9075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luisa Fernanda Chaparro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. (e-mail: luchaparros@unal.edu.co)","Department of , Universidad Nacional de Colombia ( -"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. (e-mail: luchaparros@unal.edu.co)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of , Universidad Nacional de Colombia ( -","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063753012","display_name":"Cristian Pulido","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0785-7683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristian Pulido","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000843183","display_name":"Jorge Rudas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3432-8576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Rudas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088146512","display_name":"Jorge Victorino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3331-4340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Victorino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925712","display_name":"Ana Mar\u00eda Mu\u00f1oz Reyes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-8051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Maria Reyes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060383490","display_name":"Camilo Estrada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6595-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilo Estrada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046169370","display_name":"Luz Angela Narvaez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-1687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luz Angela Narvaez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012604522","display_name":"Francisco G\u00f3mez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-5343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36243813","display_name":"Universidad Nacional de Colombia","ror":"https://ror.org/059yx9a68","country_code":"CO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}],"countries":["CO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073484366"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36243813"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90038472,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"139201","last_page":"139213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7525445222854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6570597887039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentiment-analysis","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","score":0.5430095195770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5209882855415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5004751682281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4752920866012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4621961712837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.43247389793395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4251924157142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feeling","display_name":"Feeling","score":0.41230830550193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19474008679389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14455461502075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1378038227558136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7525445222854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6570597887039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66402592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271421","display_name":"Sentiment analysis","level":2,"score":0.5430095195770264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5209882855415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5004751682281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4752920866012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4621961712837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.43247389793395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4251924157142639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122980154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205555","display_name":"Feeling","level":2,"score":0.41230830550193787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19474008679389954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14455461502075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1378038227558136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3114675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114675","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09546786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:468803317b4740999e28371000eb98da","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/468803317b4740999e28371000eb98da","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 139201-139213 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3114675","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114675","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09546786.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202469007.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3202469007.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144670803","https://openalex.org/W619531512","https://openalex.org/W1530964950","https://openalex.org/W1597195725","https://openalex.org/W1602541779","https://openalex.org/W1604794011","https://openalex.org/W1936597990","https://openalex.org/W1947985544","https://openalex.org/W1991499850","https://openalex.org/W1996362708","https://openalex.org/W2003303386","https://openalex.org/W2006614161","https://openalex.org/W2014545475","https://openalex.org/W2017216110","https://openalex.org/W2022304610","https://openalex.org/W2050207019","https://openalex.org/W2059503205","https://openalex.org/W2069302583","https://openalex.org/W2085136102","https://openalex.org/W2095820880","https://openalex.org/W2098940738","https://openalex.org/W2115378417","https://openalex.org/W2132501348","https://openalex.org/W2141569307","https://openalex.org/W2145979309","https://openalex.org/W2147876157","https://openalex.org/W2162920139","https://openalex.org/W2175417309","https://openalex.org/W2252926514","https://openalex.org/W2334175399","https://openalex.org/W2358031771","https://openalex.org/W2493916176","https://openalex.org/W2513558180","https://openalex.org/W2525555569","https://openalex.org/W2529302785","https://openalex.org/W2539518800","https://openalex.org/W2540627216","https://openalex.org/W2583750793","https://openalex.org/W2710649163","https://openalex.org/W2735831849","https://openalex.org/W2770223160","https://openalex.org/W2793350103","https://openalex.org/W2795724839","https://openalex.org/W2898639422","https://openalex.org/W2902029518","https://openalex.org/W2903456573","https://openalex.org/W2918461418","https://openalex.org/W2921472892","https://openalex.org/W2934586528","https://openalex.org/W2945209731","https://openalex.org/W2953578595","https://openalex.org/W3014411869","https://openalex.org/W3021813728","https://openalex.org/W3106063097","https://openalex.org/W3137522600","https://openalex.org/W3147494527","https://openalex.org/W4232107035","https://openalex.org/W4250664506","https://openalex.org/W4255173720","https://openalex.org/W6619412165","https://openalex.org/W6740916576","https://openalex.org/W6746353438","https://openalex.org/W6755933079","https://openalex.org/W6791643620","https://openalex.org/W6793385936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2291261743","https://openalex.org/W1540119434","https://openalex.org/W4229598134","https://openalex.org/W2335262298","https://openalex.org/W2765982327","https://openalex.org/W2071657884","https://openalex.org/W213396585","https://openalex.org/W4237671428","https://openalex.org/W2068152137","https://openalex.org/W3021501837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,135],"perception":[1,91,176,245,308],"of":[2,9,18,62,68,76,85,92,118,120,170,175,177,201,206,231,244,246,258,305],"security":[3,13,147,178,217],"refers":[4],"to":[5,12,44,49,59,79,146,240,261,284,301],"the":[6,16,45,74,86,90,102,107,157,160,229,256,264,292,303,306],"subjective":[7],"evaluation":[8],"risks":[10],"related":[11,78,145,260,283],"events":[14],"and":[15,39,104,128,155,225,268,274],"magnitude":[17],"their":[19],"consequences.":[20],"Negative":[21],"perceptions":[22,267,280],"have":[23],"severe":[24],"implications":[25],"in":[26,159,190,223,277,291],"society.":[27],"These":[28,168,294],"feelings":[29,64],"are":[30,37,249],"commonly":[31],"quantified":[32],"by":[33,221,254],"citizen\u2019s":[34],"surveys,":[35],"which":[36,81,248],"time-consuming":[38],"do":[40,98],"not":[41,99],"adapt":[42],"well":[43],"changing":[46],"dynamics":[47],"linked":[48],"security.":[50,93,262],"Recently,":[51],"Twitter":[52,123],"social":[53,108],"network":[54,109],"emerged":[55],"as":[56],"an":[57,139],"alternative":[58],"quantify":[60],"some":[61,278],"these":[63,69,96],"dynamically.":[65],"However,":[66],"most":[67],"approaches":[70,213],"focused":[71],"on":[72,122,125,138,149,228,234,309],"counting":[73,255],"amount":[75],"content":[77,144,218],"crime,":[80],"is":[82],"only":[83],"one":[84,197],"relevant":[87],"factors":[88],"determining":[89],"In":[94],"addition,":[95],"models":[97,237],"account":[100],"for":[101,116,142],"polarity":[103],"tone":[105],"underlying":[106],"content.":[110],"This":[111,183],"work":[112],"introduces":[113],"a":[114,150,163,180,286],"model":[115,136,184],"quantification":[117],"Perception":[119],"Security":[121],"based":[124,148],"sentiment":[126,158,171],"analysis":[127],"studies":[129],"its":[130],"relationship":[131],"with":[132,288],"actual":[133,269],"crime.":[134],"relies":[137],"automatic":[140],"strategy":[141],"filtering":[143,219],"support":[151],"vector":[152],"machine":[153,211],"classifier":[154],"quantifying":[156],"posts":[161,259],"using":[162],"multinomial":[164],"naive":[165],"Bayes":[166],"classifier.":[167],"measures":[169],"allow":[172],"computing":[173],"estimates":[174,243],"at":[179],"daily":[181,242],"scale.":[182],"studied":[185],"more":[186,195,282],"than":[187,196],"1.700.000":[188],"tweets":[189],"Bogot\u00e1":[191],"(Colombia),":[192],"collected":[193],"during":[194],"year":[198],"(March":[199],"18":[200],"2019":[202],"-":[203],"April":[204],"28":[205],"2020).":[207],"Results":[208],"suggest":[209],"that":[210,276],"learning-based":[212],"may":[214,296],"outperform":[215],"previous":[216],"strategies":[220,300],"21%":[222],"F1-score":[224],"provide":[226,241],"quantifications":[227],"sentiments":[230],"about":[232],"40%":[233],"accuracy.":[235],"Trained":[236],"were":[238,281],"used":[239],"security,":[247],"different":[250],"from":[251],"those":[252],"captured":[253],"number":[257],"Furthermore,":[263],"associations":[265],"between":[266],"crimes":[270],"exhibited":[271],"monthly":[272],"variations":[273],"showed":[275],"months,":[279],"robbery,":[285],"crime":[287],"high":[289],"incidence":[290],"city.":[293],"results":[295],"help":[297],"decisionmakers":[298],"devise":[299],"reduce":[302],"impact":[304],"negative":[307],"citizens.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
