{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199149203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114341","title":"Detection of Emergency Braking Intention From Soft Braking and Normal Driving Intentions Using EMG Signals","display_name":"Detection of Emergency Braking Intention From Soft Braking and Normal Driving Intentions Using EMG Signals","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199149203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114341","mag":"3199149203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3114341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114341","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09541374.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09541374.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023760937","display_name":"Jiawei Ju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1310-6803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Ju","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing (China)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1310-6803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079385751","display_name":"Luzheng Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-3379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luzheng Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China. (e-mail: bhxblz@bit.edu.cn)","School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing (China)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-3379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China. (e-mail: bhxblz@bit.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070095781","display_name":"Aberham Genetu Feleke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-5431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aberham Genetu Feleke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing (China)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9871-5431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing (China)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023760937"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1901,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76778762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"131637","last_page":"131647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5647040605545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.5147852897644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-braking","display_name":"Dynamic braking","score":0.42952096462249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4025978446006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.35593053698539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20256224274635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.1600852608680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.06689867377281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retarder","display_name":"Retarder","score":0.06562399864196777}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5647040605545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.5147852897644043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158549904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155327","display_name":"Dynamic braking","level":3,"score":0.42952096462249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4025978446006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.35593053698539734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20256224274635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.1600852608680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.06689867377281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33107880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779780","display_name":"Retarder","level":2,"score":0.06562399864196777}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3114341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114341","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09541374.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3f325a3715dc4a82b5f3a7a09001b273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3f325a3715dc4a82b5f3a7a09001b273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 131637-131647 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3114341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3114341","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09541374.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5794410155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4162055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6367694117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51975052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6719327308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4162055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199149203.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199149203.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024503126","https://openalex.org/W2038120455","https://openalex.org/W2079610602","https://openalex.org/W2084769986","https://openalex.org/W2103032521","https://openalex.org/W2111340349","https://openalex.org/W2141014056","https://openalex.org/W2154028443","https://openalex.org/W2573941966","https://openalex.org/W2592152148","https://openalex.org/W2598977221","https://openalex.org/W2741500192","https://openalex.org/W2746721413","https://openalex.org/W2753691346","https://openalex.org/W2772972874","https://openalex.org/W2781556396","https://openalex.org/W2790965127","https://openalex.org/W2884906860","https://openalex.org/W2892252802","https://openalex.org/W2907389145","https://openalex.org/W2915722752","https://openalex.org/W2963987550","https://openalex.org/W2969323334","https://openalex.org/W2970126633","https://openalex.org/W2971316385","https://openalex.org/W2976017519","https://openalex.org/W2977057839","https://openalex.org/W2991431362","https://openalex.org/W2998984254","https://openalex.org/W3007557012","https://openalex.org/W3009612842","https://openalex.org/W3015418301","https://openalex.org/W3044838443","https://openalex.org/W3090297562","https://openalex.org/W3175829748","https://openalex.org/W6660284192","https://openalex.org/W6797852166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2381908800","https://openalex.org/W2248543912","https://openalex.org/W2390665423","https://openalex.org/W2056433253","https://openalex.org/W3086776355","https://openalex.org/W2014583833","https://openalex.org/W4294760796","https://openalex.org/W4242557133","https://openalex.org/W1977581222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emergency":[0],"braking":[1,23,27,93,129,154],"intention":[2,24,94,130,155],"detection":[3],"has":[4],"a":[5,139],"vital":[6],"practical":[7],"value":[8],"for":[9,151],"improving":[10],"driving":[11,30,46,99,162,167],"safety.":[12,168],"This":[13],"paper":[14],"proposed":[15,120,145],"an":[16],"electromyography":[17],"(EMG)-based":[18],"method":[19,121,146],"to":[20,56,81,90,159],"detect":[21,91,127],"emergency":[22,40,92,128,136,153],"from":[25,95],"soft":[26,42],"and":[28,33,44,64,108,165],"normal":[29,45],"intentions.":[31,100],"Temporal":[32],"spectral":[34,109,124],"signatures":[35],"of":[36,39,68,114,142],"EMG":[37,69,149],"signals":[38,70,150],"braking,":[41,43],"intentions":[47],"were":[48,71],"investigated.":[49],"Common":[50],"spatial":[51],"pattern":[52],"(CSP)":[53],"was":[54,79,88],"used":[55,72,80],"generate":[57],"virtual":[58],"channels.":[59],"The":[60,144],"power":[61],"spectrum":[62],"density":[63],"linear":[65,85],"envelope":[66],"amplitude":[67],"as":[73],"features,":[74],"respectively.":[75],"Chi-square":[76],"test":[77],"(Chi)":[78],"select":[82],"features.":[83],"Regularized":[84],"discrimination":[86],"analysis":[87],"developed":[89],"the":[96,119],"other":[97],"two":[98],"Experiment":[101],"results":[102],"showed":[103],"significant":[104],"differences":[105],"in":[106],"temporal":[107],"domains":[110],"between":[111],"three":[112],"kinds":[113],"driving.":[115],"Furthermore,":[116],"on":[117,123,148],"average,":[118],"based":[122,147],"features":[125],"can":[126,156],"155.70":[131],"ms":[132],"before":[133],"behavior":[134],"under":[135],"situations":[137],"with":[138],"system":[140],"accuracy":[141],"95.72%.":[143],"predicting":[152],"be":[157],"applied":[158],"develop":[160],"active":[161],"assistance":[163],"systems":[164],"improve":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
