{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200659000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113934","title":"Learning to Balance Local Losses via Meta-Learning","display_name":"Learning to Balance Local Losses via Meta-Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200659000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113934","mag":"3200659000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3113934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09541196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09541196.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010723033","display_name":"Seungdong Yoa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2982-0884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungdong Yoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2982-0884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041671847","display_name":"Minkyu Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-6065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minkyu Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0572-6065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013584588","display_name":"Youngjin Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-8469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngjin Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1546-8469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084814930","display_name":"Hyunwoo J. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-9264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunwoo J. Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2181-9264","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.13,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58275557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"130834","last_page":"130844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8863004446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8066529035568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","score":0.7639694213867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7284317016601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6499761939048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6351565718650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6340292096138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.5181359052658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.48768556118011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.48581862449645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.4567895531654358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8863004446029663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8066529035568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.7639694213867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7284317016601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6499761939048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6351565718650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6340292096138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.5181359052658081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48768556118011475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48581862449645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.4567895531654358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3113934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09541196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:17727a9947094a4184d6a5dc3b1b7549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/17727a9947094a4184d6a5dc3b1b7549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 130834-130844 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3113934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113934","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09541196.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322093","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200659000.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200659000.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504886279","https://openalex.org/W1527783480","https://openalex.org/W1594587862","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1690739335","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1855112655","https://openalex.org/W2067931421","https://openalex.org/W2091565802","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2118858186","https://openalex.org/W2132083787","https://openalex.org/W2132984949","https://openalex.org/W2156689847","https://openalex.org/W2168894214","https://openalex.org/W2182055801","https://openalex.org/W2189646513","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2405673391","https://openalex.org/W2566720494","https://openalex.org/W2601450892","https://openalex.org/W2604763608","https://openalex.org/W2616877139","https://openalex.org/W2742093937","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2753160622","https://openalex.org/W2766736793","https://openalex.org/W2786471719","https://openalex.org/W2795900505","https://openalex.org/W2892359699","https://openalex.org/W2911586496","https://openalex.org/W2914752403","https://openalex.org/W2946232168","https://openalex.org/W2947380870","https://openalex.org/W2952193948","https://openalex.org/W2952802422","https://openalex.org/W2955863859","https://openalex.org/W2963303956","https://openalex.org/W2963306862","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963606038","https://openalex.org/W2963656735","https://openalex.org/W2963670910","https://openalex.org/W2963775850","https://openalex.org/W2963780286","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2964118293","https://openalex.org/W2964237080","https://openalex.org/W2964319207","https://openalex.org/W2997666887","https://openalex.org/W3041342983","https://openalex.org/W3093116395","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4288331353","https://openalex.org/W4294646197","https://openalex.org/W4297800546","https://openalex.org/W6635560335","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6637551013","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6677919164","https://openalex.org/W6679390333","https://openalex.org/W6684665197","https://openalex.org/W6685839400","https://openalex.org/W6687434624","https://openalex.org/W6713927722","https://openalex.org/W6714477741","https://openalex.org/W6717367658","https://openalex.org/W6731754188","https://openalex.org/W6735013348","https://openalex.org/W6735236233","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6738103085","https://openalex.org/W6742288159","https://openalex.org/W6743661861","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6748208641","https://openalex.org/W6750254146","https://openalex.org/W6751797489","https://openalex.org/W6754756046","https://openalex.org/W6755365793","https://openalex.org/W6763094690","https://openalex.org/W6763430915","https://openalex.org/W6764972582","https://openalex.org/W6779906290","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298017035","https://openalex.org/W3110700750","https://openalex.org/W2792147139","https://openalex.org/W2998675825","https://openalex.org/W4226354336","https://openalex.org/W3128220493","https://openalex.org/W2736804899","https://openalex.org/W2897443685","https://openalex.org/W4307654087","https://openalex.org/W2951100320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,105],"standard":[1],"training":[2,132],"for":[3,122],"deep":[4,41,60,133],"neural":[5,42,61,134],"networks":[6,62,135],"relies":[7],"on":[8,118],"a":[9,49],"global":[10,29],"and":[11,74,99,126],"fixed":[12],"loss":[13,20,30,93,142],"function.":[14],"For":[15],"more":[16,82],"effective":[17],"training,":[18],"dynamic":[19,28],"functions":[21],"have":[22],"been":[23],"recently":[24],"proposed.":[25],"However,":[26],"the":[27,68,87,91],"function":[31,94],"is":[32],"not":[33],"flexible":[34],"to":[35,54,79,102,115],"differentially":[36],"train":[37,56],"layers":[38,73],"in":[39],"complex":[40],"networks.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"paper,":[46],"we":[47],"propose":[48],"general":[50],"framework":[51,66],"that":[52,108],"learns":[53],"adaptively":[55],"each":[57],"layer":[58,77],"of":[59],"via":[63],"meta-learning.":[64],"Our":[65],"leverages":[67],"local":[69,92,141],"error":[70],"signals":[71],"from":[72],"identifies":[75],"which":[76],"needs":[78],"be":[80],"trained":[81],"at":[83],"every":[84],"iteration.":[85],"Also,":[86],"proposed":[88],"method":[89,110,130],"improves":[90],"with":[95],"our":[96,109,129],"minibatch-wise":[97],"dropout":[98],"cross-validation":[100],"loop":[101],"alleviate":[103],"meta-overfitting.":[104],"experiments":[106],"show":[107],"achieved":[111],"competitive":[112],"performance":[113],"compared":[114],"state-of-the-art":[116],"methods":[117],"popular":[119],"benchmark":[120],"datasets":[121],"image":[123],"classification:":[124],"CIFAR-10":[125],"CIFAR-100.":[127],"Surprisingly,":[128],"enables":[131],"without":[136],"skip-connections":[137],"using":[138],"dynamically":[139],"weighted":[140],"functions.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
