{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199321663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113161","title":"Optimization of Operation Parameters in a Cesium Atomic Fountain Clock Using Monte Carlo Method","display_name":"Optimization of Operation Parameters in a Cesium Atomic Fountain Clock Using Monte Carlo Method","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199321663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113161","mag":"3199321663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3113161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113161","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423826","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7696-4680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006516855","display_name":"Yuanbo Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7912-9143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanbo Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060065120","display_name":"Xian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7461-3991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050374962","display_name":"Yunyi Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045282616","display_name":"Mingming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-4041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748076","display_name":"Wenbing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-6795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383967","display_name":"Hongli Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7118-4220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongli Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7118-4220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694720","display_name":"Z. H. Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2800-325X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehuang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement, Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100423826"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52598454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"132140","last_page":"132149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10425","display_name":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-number","display_name":"Atomic number","score":0.7763756513595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-clock","display_name":"Atomic clock","score":0.7622794508934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caesium","display_name":"Caesium","score":0.6872828602790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6295079588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-physics","display_name":"Atomic physics","score":0.6004974842071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4954034090042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fountain","display_name":"Fountain","score":0.4649122655391693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.39839524030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.13398891687393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0770268440246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07158616185188293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61782718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23809","display_name":"Atomic number","level":2,"score":0.7763756513595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.7622794508934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519659679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108","display_name":"Caesium","level":2,"score":0.6872828602790833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6295079588890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.6004974842071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4954034090042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778379427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483453","display_name":"Fountain","level":2,"score":0.4649122655391693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.39839524030685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.13398891687393188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0770268440246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07158616185188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3113161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c34dce9c3b1b4ad4997e73739a6045de","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c34dce9c3b1b4ad4997e73739a6045de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 132140-132149 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3113161","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3113161","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1590775044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11904113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1966074100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11804108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2753430030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11774108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7505695069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M612431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8944476185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0304400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497256802","https://openalex.org/W1904445757","https://openalex.org/W1979613198","https://openalex.org/W1982525534","https://openalex.org/W1988021958","https://openalex.org/W2009208781","https://openalex.org/W2013436628","https://openalex.org/W2055997412","https://openalex.org/W2057478419","https://openalex.org/W2084591380","https://openalex.org/W2093573813","https://openalex.org/W2132308827","https://openalex.org/W2145272130","https://openalex.org/W2148106425","https://openalex.org/W2150210656","https://openalex.org/W2162126832","https://openalex.org/W2320588958","https://openalex.org/W2397879650","https://openalex.org/W2600442734","https://openalex.org/W2807209353","https://openalex.org/W2969759206","https://openalex.org/W3033815095","https://openalex.org/W3041607528","https://openalex.org/W3098595005","https://openalex.org/W4254846361"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592138583","https://openalex.org/W2807978385","https://openalex.org/W2588517940","https://openalex.org/W1489618815","https://openalex.org/W2178439540","https://openalex.org/W2169521446","https://openalex.org/W1969851202","https://openalex.org/W2539253136","https://openalex.org/W2153387385","https://openalex.org/W3094528476"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,8,35,52,60,71,94,126,139],"atoms":[3,74],"detected":[4,83],"and":[5,56,79,86,107,136],"the":[6,33,36,43,49,53,57,61,69,72,76,82,88,92,95,99,130,137,140],"contrast":[7,138],"Ramsey":[9,96,131,142],"fringe":[10,132,143],"are":[11,105],"critical":[12],"operating":[13,23],"parameters":[14],"in":[15],"an":[16],"atomic":[17,37,47,54,62,84,89,120],"fountain":[18,121],"clock.":[19],"To":[20],"optimize":[21],"these":[22,101],"parameters,":[24],"a":[25,65,108,118,123],"Monte":[26],"Carlo":[27],"method":[28,148],"is":[29,40,115,133,149],"used":[30],"to":[31,75,152],"simulate":[32],"evolution":[34],"cloud.":[38],"It":[39],"found":[41],"that":[42,87],"physical":[44,103],"variables,":[45],"including":[46],"temperature,":[48],"launching":[50,77],"direction":[51],"cloud,":[55,63],"initial":[58],"position":[59],"have":[64],"large":[66],"influence":[67],"on":[68,81],"ratio":[70,110],"falling-back":[73,109],"atoms,":[78],"consequently":[80],"number,":[85],"temperature":[90],"affects":[91],"pattern":[93],"fringe.":[97],"In":[98],"experiment,":[100],"relevant":[102],"variables":[104],"optimized":[106,135],"as":[111,113],"high":[112],"8.6%\u00b10.4%":[114],"obtained":[116],"for":[117],"cesium":[119],"with":[122,155],"launch":[124],"height":[125],"1":[127],"m.":[128],"Moreover,":[129],"experimentally":[134],"central":[141],"reaches":[144],"90%.":[145],"This":[146],"optimization":[147],"also":[150],"applicable":[151],"similar":[153],"experiments":[154],"cold":[156],"atoms.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
