{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199433429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112552","title":"Guided Random Projection: A Lightweight Feature Representation for Image Classification","display_name":"Guided Random Projection: A Lightweight Feature Representation for Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199433429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112552","mag":"3199433429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3112552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112552","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09536711.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09536711.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042921556","display_name":"Shichao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0949-6773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science & Technology University(BISTU), Beijing, 100081 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Optoelectronic Measurement Technology and Instrument, Beijing Information Science & Technology University(BISTU), Beijing, 100081 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372769","display_name":"Junbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-1441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159156","display_name":"System Equipment (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04m2bcn74","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159156"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing, 100081 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Electronic System Engineering, Beijing, 100081 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528","https://openalex.org/I4210159156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049895843","display_name":"Wenzheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-6751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenzheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100081 China. (e-mail: wang_wenzheng@pku.edu.cn)","School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100081 China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-6751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100081 China. (e-mail: wang_wenzheng@pku.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100081 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083998595","display_name":"Linbo Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6341-4268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linbo Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100985496","display_name":"Baojun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049895843"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13041199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"129110","last_page":"129118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.750744104385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.651390552520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6506732106208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6467896699905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.614382266998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-projection","display_name":"Random projection","score":0.6132532954216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6032682657241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.600063145160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5828769207000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5132031440734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.48069459199905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.47379228472709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4365995228290558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4339662492275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36934220790863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.243491530418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16429513692855835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.750744104385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.651390552520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6506732106208801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6467896699905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.614382266998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777036070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18393452","display_name":"Random projection","level":2,"score":0.6132532954216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6032682657241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.600063145160675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5828769207000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5132031440734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.48069459199905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.47379228472709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4365995228290558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4339662492275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36934220790863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.243491530418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16429513692855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3112552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112552","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09536711.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c968a602dc04409a39049f12fee99df","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c968a602dc04409a39049f12fee99df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 129110-129118 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3112552","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112552","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09536711.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326666","display_name":"Beijing Information Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199433429.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199433429.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W191001584","https://openalex.org/W1616262590","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2037757210","https://openalex.org/W2061065224","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2112074816","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115733720","https://openalex.org/W2118563516","https://openalex.org/W2121971770","https://openalex.org/W2123395972","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2144902422","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2301541953","https://openalex.org/W2549898883","https://openalex.org/W2748551393","https://openalex.org/W2994602700","https://openalex.org/W3102431071","https://openalex.org/W4246066915","https://openalex.org/W4293865401","https://openalex.org/W6601785968","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6678945949","https://openalex.org/W6680751671","https://openalex.org/W6681302627","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6729548847","https://openalex.org/W6764039759"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1637798125","https://openalex.org/W2367926634","https://openalex.org/W2064168458","https://openalex.org/W4287750422","https://openalex.org/W2592293938","https://openalex.org/W4300663657","https://openalex.org/W2951250958","https://openalex.org/W4221157392","https://openalex.org/W3197970974","https://openalex.org/W2033523051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"neural":[1,82],"networks":[2,83],"[e.g.,":[3],"Deep":[4],"Neural":[5],"Networks":[6],"(DNNs)]":[7],"have":[8],"recently":[9],"gained":[10],"increasing":[11],"attention":[12],"for":[13],"visible":[14,129],"image":[15,130],"classification":[16,131],"tasks.":[17],"Their":[18],"success":[19],"mainly":[20],"results":[21],"from":[22],"capabilities":[23],"in":[24],"learning":[25],"a":[26,63],"complex":[27],"feature":[28,33,65],"mapping":[29],"of":[30,48,100,105,119],"inputs":[31],"(i.e.,":[32],"representation)":[34],"that":[35,95,139],"carries":[36],"images":[37],"manifold":[38],"structure":[39],"relevant":[40],"to":[41,78,133],"the":[42,45,79,98,116,120,140],"task.":[43],"Despite":[44],"current":[46],"popularity":[47],"these":[49],"techniques,":[50],"they":[51],"are":[52],"training-costly":[53],"with":[54,122,150,157],"Back-propagation":[55],"(BP)":[56],"based":[57],"iteration":[58],"rules.":[59],"Here,":[60],"we":[61,89,113],"advocate":[62],"lightweight":[64],"representation":[66],"framework":[67],"termed":[68],"as":[69],"Guided":[70],"Random":[71],"Projection":[72],"(GRP),":[73],"which":[74],"is":[75],"closely":[76],"related":[77],"classical":[80],"random":[81,101],"and":[84],"randomization-based":[85],"kernel":[86],"machines.":[87],"Specifically,":[88],"present":[90],"an":[91],"efficient":[92],"optimization":[93],"method":[94,142],"explicitly":[96],"learns":[97],"distribution":[99],"hidden":[102],"weights":[103],"instead":[104],"time-consuming":[106],"fine-tuning":[107],"or":[108],"task-independent":[109],"randomization":[110,159],"configurations.":[111],"Further,":[112],"also":[114],"report":[115],"detailed":[117],"mechanisms":[118],"GRP":[121],"subspace":[123],"theories.":[124],"Experiments":[125],"were":[126],"conducted":[127],"on":[128],"benchmarks":[132],"evaluate":[134],"our":[135],"claims.":[136],"It":[137],"shows":[138],"proposed":[141],"achieves":[143],"reasonable":[144],"accuracy":[145],"improvement":[146],"(more":[147],"than":[148],"2%)":[149],"moderate":[151],"training":[152],"cost":[153],"(seconds":[154],"level)":[155],"compared":[156],"other":[158],"methods.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}