{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200571005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112171","title":"In-Fiber Mach\u2013Zehnder Interferometer Based on Er Doped Up-Taper and Peanut-Shaped Fiber Structure in Fiber Ring Laser","display_name":"In-Fiber Mach\u2013Zehnder Interferometer Based on Er Doped Up-Taper and Peanut-Shaped Fiber Structure in Fiber Ring Laser","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200571005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112171","mag":"3200571005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3112171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09536571.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09536571.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068141650","display_name":"Weihao Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-2608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Tchnology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China. (e-mail: 11510630@mail.sustech.edu.cn)","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Tchnology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1499-2608","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Tchnology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China. (e-mail: 11510630@mail.sustech.edu.cn)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Tchnology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113053617","display_name":"Shengjie Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1657-9702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengjie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070734835","display_name":"Liyang Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-1959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Yang Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1272-1959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037922594","display_name":"Mang I Vai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0663-0049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mang I. Vai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Tchnology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Tchnology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078527224","display_name":"Perry Ping Shum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-4736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perry Ping Shum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1391-4736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015500554","display_name":"Fang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-0659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010925","display_name":"Shuaiqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-502X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaiqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-502X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679574","display_name":"Jie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-3366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002312973","display_name":"Yuhui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0605-3248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518005, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5621,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62381356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"128126","last_page":"128132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7067936062812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mach\u2013zehnder-interferometer","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","score":0.6651629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cladding","display_name":"Cladding (metalworking)","score":0.6368845701217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.624633252620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cladding-mode","display_name":"Cladding mode","score":0.5864458084106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.5733842849731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-maintaining-optical-fiber","display_name":"Polarization-maintaining optical fiber","score":0.48982688784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.47782018780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.41998571157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.41392242908477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-laser","display_name":"Fiber laser","score":0.4136381447315216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3834581971168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1783280074596405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7067936062812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12296473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621727","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","level":3,"score":0.6651629209518433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36456112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288064","display_name":"Cladding (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.6368845701217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.624633252620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777166351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5124919","display_name":"Cladding mode","level":5,"score":0.5864458084106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5733842849731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45747243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7209154","display_name":"Polarization-maintaining optical fiber","level":4,"score":0.48982688784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.47782018780708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.41998571157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.41392242908477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17163034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390528","display_name":"Fiber laser","level":3,"score":0.4136381447315216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3834581971168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1783280074596405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3112171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09536571.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ef608bc33c0405fb37eed3a2828673b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ef608bc33c0405fb37eed3a2828673b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 128126-128132 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3112171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3112171","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09536571.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317136","display_name":"Shenzhen Government","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327605","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200571005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200571005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1412278775","https://openalex.org/W1912633863","https://openalex.org/W2031862517","https://openalex.org/W2057022374","https://openalex.org/W2069688798","https://openalex.org/W2104265177","https://openalex.org/W2146006631","https://openalex.org/W2293969146","https://openalex.org/W2418475049","https://openalex.org/W2736073521","https://openalex.org/W2741862128","https://openalex.org/W2757451276","https://openalex.org/W2792879882","https://openalex.org/W2884181718","https://openalex.org/W2889115123","https://openalex.org/W2894770852","https://openalex.org/W2900709135","https://openalex.org/W2951115385","https://openalex.org/W2970198856","https://openalex.org/W2989985944","https://openalex.org/W2995348780","https://openalex.org/W3000100966","https://openalex.org/W3013700964","https://openalex.org/W3013976528","https://openalex.org/W3093521336","https://openalex.org/W3107115690","https://openalex.org/W3111884307","https://openalex.org/W3120156528","https://openalex.org/W3133646061","https://openalex.org/W3138063874","https://openalex.org/W3161850078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014299102","https://openalex.org/W2062832734","https://openalex.org/W1974241601","https://openalex.org/W1647439944","https://openalex.org/W1977316138","https://openalex.org/W2029372267","https://openalex.org/W2376831573","https://openalex.org/W2346676683","https://openalex.org/W4283521980","https://openalex.org/W1964216573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,49,131,138],"demonstrated":[2],"that":[3],"in":[4,33,69,77,88,149],"this":[5,47],"paper":[6],"a":[7,97],"peanut":[8],"shaped":[9],"structure":[10,15,48,109],"cascaded":[11],"with":[12,96],"up-taper":[13,90],"fiber":[14,26,34],"can":[16,62,81],"realize":[17],"the":[18,23,55,59,66,70,75,78,85,89,108,128,135,154],"inter":[19],"mode":[20,29,61,87],"interference":[21,94],"between":[22],"Erbium":[24],"doped":[25],"(EDF)":[27],"core":[28,60,86],"and":[30,40,134,153,158],"cladding":[31,67,79],"modes":[32,68,80],"ring":[35],"laser":[36],"(FRL).":[37],"A":[38,92],"simple":[39],"inexpensive":[41],"Mach\u2013Zehnder":[42],"interferometer":[43],"(MZI)":[44],"based":[45,118],"on":[46,119],"proposed.":[50],"Shown":[51],"from":[52],"experimental":[53],"results,":[54],"optical":[56],"intensity":[57],"of":[58,127,143,156],"be":[63,82],"coupled":[64],"into":[65,84],"first":[71],"peanut-shaped":[72],"structure.":[73,91,123],"Then,":[74],"light":[76],"recoupled":[83],"high-quality":[93],"spectrum":[95],"signal":[98],"to":[99,116],"noise":[100],"ratio":[101],"about":[102],"50":[103],"dB":[104],"was":[105],"observed.":[106],"Besides,":[107],"exhibits":[110],"good":[111],"mechanical":[112],"stability":[113],"when":[114],"compared":[115],"MZIs":[117],"taper":[120],"or":[121],"offset":[122],"The":[124],"temperature":[125],"sensitivity":[126,137],"FRL":[129],"sensor":[130],"301":[132],"pm/\u00b0C":[133],"RI":[136],"156":[139],"nm/RIU.":[140],"This":[141],"kind":[142],"MZI":[144],"will":[145],"have":[146],"potential":[147],"applications":[148],"remote":[150],"sensing":[151],"technique":[152],"development":[155],"life":[157],"health.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}