{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3200676210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111956","title":"Ring-Embedded Micro-Power mm-Sized Optical Sensor for Accurate Heart Beat Monitoring","display_name":"Ring-Embedded Micro-Power mm-Sized Optical Sensor for Accurate Heart Beat Monitoring","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3200676210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111956","mag":"3200676210"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3111956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111956","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09535493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09535493.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011071154","display_name":"Assim Boukhayma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-7648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110675161","display_name":"Infosys (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/03bs18y54","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110675161"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Assim Boukhayma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senbiosys SA, Neuchatel, CH-2000 Switzerland. (e-mail: assim.boukhayma@senbiosys.com)","Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-7648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuchatel, CH-2000 Switzerland. (e-mail: assim.boukhayma@senbiosys.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110675161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079158222","display_name":"Anthony Barison","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Barison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senbiosys SA, Neuchatel, CH-2000 Switzerland","Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuchatel, CH-2000 Switzerland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068314195","display_name":"Serj Haddad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-4154"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serj Haddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senbiosys SA, Neuchatel, CH-2000 Switzerland","Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-4154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuchatel, CH-2000 Switzerland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002585224","display_name":"Antonino Caizzone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-8242"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonino Caizzone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senbiosys SA, Neuchatel, CH-2000 Switzerland","Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7788-8242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuchatel, CH-2000 Switzerland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senbiosys SA, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69994767,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"127217","last_page":"127225"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6406171917915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5490683317184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.5290464758872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5083922743797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.4503142833709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4434448480606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.4267078936100006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39210814237594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.33793842792510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.32013949751853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2943672835826874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.22741153836250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21889352798461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1967391073703766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18078374862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1655314564704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14936372637748718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6406171917915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5490683317184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.5290464758872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5083922743797302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4503142833709717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4434448480606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.4267078936100006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39210814237594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33793842792510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32013949751853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2943672835826874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.22741153836250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21889352798461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1967391073703766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18078374862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1655314564704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14936372637748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3111956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111956","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09535493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:323540b3b0f04a0183e94b297453f44b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/323540b3b0f04a0183e94b297453f44b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 127217-127225 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3111956","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111956","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09535493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200676210.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3200676210.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W272986362","https://openalex.org/W1264889757","https://openalex.org/W1586219442","https://openalex.org/W1767708321","https://openalex.org/W1999558969","https://openalex.org/W2026699230","https://openalex.org/W2041349082","https://openalex.org/W2073792739","https://openalex.org/W2088038035","https://openalex.org/W2117887112","https://openalex.org/W2285072859","https://openalex.org/W2289700131","https://openalex.org/W2466228052","https://openalex.org/W2565305980","https://openalex.org/W2781887926","https://openalex.org/W2893647043","https://openalex.org/W2921356986","https://openalex.org/W2971905179","https://openalex.org/W2975135574","https://openalex.org/W2977570393","https://openalex.org/W2999292156","https://openalex.org/W3034951864","https://openalex.org/W3097487532","https://openalex.org/W3101106974","https://openalex.org/W3106859382","https://openalex.org/W3185724218","https://openalex.org/W4232851490","https://openalex.org/W4252189662","https://openalex.org/W4252867650","https://openalex.org/W6628110941","https://openalex.org/W6767712340","https://openalex.org/W6784806103","https://openalex.org/W7010179486"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4297152434","https://openalex.org/W2072858761","https://openalex.org/W1540261775","https://openalex.org/W4239033438","https://openalex.org/W1968279762","https://openalex.org/W4318970012","https://openalex.org/W4205793574","https://openalex.org/W4225612652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,170],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,48,144,160],"wearable":[4],"optical":[5,20,28,92,108],"health":[6],"monitoring":[7],"device":[8,35,116,136],"embedding":[9],"monolithic":[11,27],"sensor":[12,29,58,109],"chip":[13],"with":[14,101,118,174],"newly":[15],"designed":[16,42],"pixels,":[17],"and":[18,46,91],"an":[19,37,113],"module":[21,93],"optimized":[22],"for":[23,44],"photoplethysmography":[24],"(PPG).":[25],"The":[26,57,107,134,151],"at":[30,78,180],"the":[31,64,88,141,181,184],"heart":[32],"of":[33,39,127,140,146,149,183],"this":[34],"implements":[36,67],"array":[38],"novel":[40],"pixels":[41],"specifically":[43],"PPG":[45,97,185],"featuring":[47],"quantum":[49],"efficiency":[50],"(QE)":[51],"as":[52,54,61,63,165,167],"high":[53,89],"85":[55],"%.":[56],"readout":[59],"chain,":[60],"well":[62],"logic":[65],"circuits,":[66],"low":[68,166],"power":[69],"design":[70],"techniques":[71],"leading":[72],"to":[73,87,123],"only":[74],"60\u03bcA":[75],"current":[76,178],"consumption":[77,179],"122":[79],"Hz":[80],"operation":[81],"frequency,":[82],"including":[83],"digital":[84],"communication.":[85],"Thanks":[86],"QE":[90],"optimization,":[94],"medical":[95],"grade":[96],"recordings":[98,158],"are":[99],"enabled":[100],"less":[102,175],"than":[103,176],"10\u03bcA":[104],"emitter":[105],"current.":[106],"is":[110,172],"embedded":[111],"in":[112,121],"ergonomic":[114],"ring":[115,135],"together":[117],"system":[119],"electronics":[120],"order":[122],"enable":[124],"in-field":[125],"test":[126],"beat":[128],"detection":[129],"accuracy":[130],"on":[131,143],"7":[132],"subjects.":[133],"detects":[137],"correctly":[138],"97.87%":[139],"beats":[142],"total":[145],"72.21":[147],"hours":[148],"recording.":[150],"inter-beat":[152],"interval":[153],"(IBI)":[154],"estimation":[155],"from":[156],"these":[157],"features":[159],"mean":[161],"absolute":[162],"error":[163],"(MAE)":[164],"8.10":[168],"ms.":[169],"performance":[171],"achieved":[173],"70\u03bcA":[177],"level":[182],"module.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
