{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168806553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111778","title":"Development of a Novel Wireless Multi-Channel Stethograph System for Monitoring Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases","display_name":"Development of a Novel Wireless Multi-Channel Stethograph System for Monitoring Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Diseases","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168806553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111778","mag":"3168806553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3111778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111778","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09534898.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09534898.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020815437","display_name":"X. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-0038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingzhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA. (e-mail: xingzhe.zhang@wmich.edu)","Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-0038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA. (e-mail: xingzhe.zhang@wmich.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033007222","display_name":"Dinesh Maddipatla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-8779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Maddipatla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-8779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068600968","display_name":"Binu B. Narakathu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-741X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binu B. Narakathu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2841-741X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028074094","display_name":"Bradley J. Bazuin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-3176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradley J. Bazuin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3638-3176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060873201","display_name":"Massood Z. Atashbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-6321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massood Z. Atashbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2981-6321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, MI, 49008 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020815437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7495,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85462378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"128951","last_page":"128964"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12790","display_name":"Nursing Diagnosis and Documentation","score":0.9259999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.911300003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-sounds","display_name":"Heart sounds","score":0.7614217400550842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"Data acquisition","score":0.6274733543395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6112514138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.54442298412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microphone","display_name":"Microphone","score":0.4651307463645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4431353509426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonocardiogram","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","score":0.433459609746933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stethoscope","display_name":"Stethoscope","score":0.42796722054481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auscultation","display_name":"Auscultation","score":0.42541104555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.4113004505634308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.396323025226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17594310641288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1588205099105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1296660602092743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779435589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967103","display_name":"Heart sounds","level":2,"score":0.7614217400550842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.6274733543395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6112514138221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.54442298412323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.4651307463645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4431353509426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159693508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301075","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","level":2,"score":0.433459609746933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779055095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162339","display_name":"Stethoscope","level":2,"score":0.42796722054481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777324038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779054","display_name":"Auscultation","level":2,"score":0.42541104555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.4113004505634308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.396323025226593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17594310641288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1588205099105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1296660602092743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68115822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068172","display_name":"Sound pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3111778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111778","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09534898.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a6191af7527455aa50c4ad664bbbf59","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a6191af7527455aa50c4ad664bbbf59","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 128951-128964 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3111778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3111778","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09534898.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3168806553.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3168806553.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W432701262","https://openalex.org/W1513801117","https://openalex.org/W1540712999","https://openalex.org/W1927057459","https://openalex.org/W1984488358","https://openalex.org/W1989590026","https://openalex.org/W2002471315","https://openalex.org/W2026250962","https://openalex.org/W2035572295","https://openalex.org/W2037194126","https://openalex.org/W2043392634","https://openalex.org/W2062301054","https://openalex.org/W2067454626","https://openalex.org/W2069465055","https://openalex.org/W2071797156","https://openalex.org/W2075615425","https://openalex.org/W2113004418","https://openalex.org/W2116258699","https://openalex.org/W2118269576","https://openalex.org/W2126051824","https://openalex.org/W2147993749","https://openalex.org/W2159155897","https://openalex.org/W2164225096","https://openalex.org/W2164826114","https://openalex.org/W2334660501","https://openalex.org/W2335800729","https://openalex.org/W2512290494","https://openalex.org/W2528751697","https://openalex.org/W2572494275","https://openalex.org/W2602350996","https://openalex.org/W2739367995","https://openalex.org/W2790761036","https://openalex.org/W2797558498","https://openalex.org/W2807982724","https://openalex.org/W2903217712","https://openalex.org/W2906697272","https://openalex.org/W2909732001","https://openalex.org/W2910761029","https://openalex.org/W2915975306","https://openalex.org/W2982783655","https://openalex.org/W3021639942","https://openalex.org/W4230586290","https://openalex.org/W4319308484","https://openalex.org/W6615005703","https://openalex.org/W6638290465","https://openalex.org/W6677367781","https://openalex.org/W6682109745","https://openalex.org/W6725433290"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066804906","https://openalex.org/W1970711085","https://openalex.org/W2083400547","https://openalex.org/W4206320658","https://openalex.org/W22400918","https://openalex.org/W1601748943","https://openalex.org/W2028865152","https://openalex.org/W4386897925","https://openalex.org/W1972438460","https://openalex.org/W1922887185"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,110,148],"multi-channel":[1,32],"stethograph":[2,33],"system":[3,12,34],"was":[4,35,126,152,171],"designed":[5,102],"and":[6,19,69,77,87,103,130,189,195,211,223,231,242,256,260,271],"developed":[7,153,172],"as":[8,145,198,200,226,228],"an":[9],"electronic":[10],"auscultation":[11],"for":[13,107,202],"graphic":[14],"recording":[15],"of":[16,27,205,220,240,258],"heart,":[17,86],"lung,":[18],"trachea":[20,78],"(HLT)":[21],"sounds":[22,81,90,225,248],"non-invasively":[23],"through":[24,99],"a":[25,45,65,100,121,140,146,155,168],"set":[26],"16":[28,39,58,94,183],"acoustic":[29,42,59,95,180],"sensors.":[30],"The":[31,89,244],"fabricated":[36,104],"by":[37,275],"placing":[38],"microphone":[40],"based":[41],"sensor":[43],"in":[44,64,193,209,236,252],"CNC":[46],"machined":[47],"Delrin\u00ae":[48],"housing":[49],"cases":[50],"that":[51],"are":[52],"covered":[53],"using":[54],"diaphragms.":[55],"Among":[56],"the":[57,75,84,93,133,136,161,164,175,179,191,218,238,253],"sensors,":[60],"14":[61],"were":[62,71,97],"positioned":[63],"memory":[66],"foam":[67],"pad,":[68],"two":[70],"placed":[72],"directly":[73],"on":[74,154,217],"heart":[76,241,261,273],"to":[79,128,139,159,173],"acquire":[80,129],"simultaneously":[82],"from":[83,92,135,163,178],"lungs,":[85],"trachea.":[88],"acquired":[91],"sensors":[96,181],"processed":[98],"custom":[101,149],"16-channel":[105,137],"PCB":[106,138],"signal":[108],"conditioning.":[109],"National":[111],"Instruments":[112],"(NI)":[113],"9205":[114],"data":[115,134,162,177],"acquisition":[116],"device":[117,143],"(DAQ)":[118],"along":[119],"with":[120],"NI":[122],"9191":[123],"wireless":[124],"chassis":[125],"used":[127],"wirelessly":[131],"transmit":[132],"Wi-Fi":[141,156],"enabled":[142,157],"such":[144],"PC/tablet.":[147],"LabVIEW":[150],"program":[151,170],"PC/tablet":[158],"record":[160],"DAQ.":[165],"In":[166],"addition,":[167],"MATLAB":[169],"convert":[174],"recorded":[176],"into":[182],"audio":[184,187],"files":[185],"(for":[186],"playback)":[188],"plot":[190],"waveforms":[192],"time":[194],"frequency":[196],"domain":[197],"well":[199,227],"spectrogram":[201],"visual":[203],"examination":[204],"any":[206],"abnormal":[207,229],"patterns":[208],"inhalation":[210],"exhalation.":[212],"This":[213],"provides":[214],"critical":[215],"information":[216],"presence":[219],"crackles,":[221],"rhonchi":[222],"wheeze":[224],"heartbeat":[230],"respiration":[232],"rate":[233],"which":[234],"helps":[235],"analyzing":[237],"condition":[239],"lungs.":[243],"graphically":[245],"displayed":[246],"HLT":[247],"will":[249],"help":[250],"physicians":[251],"clinical":[254],"diagnosis":[255],"monitoring":[257],"lung":[259],"disorders,":[262],"particularly":[263],"chronic":[264],"obstructive":[265],"pulmonary":[266],"disease":[267],"(COPD),":[268],"asthma,":[269],"pneumonia,":[270],"congestive":[272],"failure":[274],"providing":[276],"objective":[277],"evidence.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
