{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196587695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110647","title":"Normalization Influence on ANN-Based Models Performance: A New Proposal for Features\u2019 Contribution Analysis","display_name":"Normalization Influence on ANN-Based Models Performance: A New Proposal for Features\u2019 Contribution Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196587695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110647","mag":"3196587695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110647","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09530465.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09530465.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061990590","display_name":"Iratxe Ni\u00f1o-Adan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-0740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","display_name":"Tecnalia","ror":"https://ror.org/02fv8hj62","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iratxe Nino-Adan","raw_affiliation_strings":["TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain and Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain. (e-mail: iratxe.nino@tecnalia.com)","Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-0740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain and Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain. (e-mail: iratxe.nino@tecnalia.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374","https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tecnalia Research and Innovation, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065852487","display_name":"Eva Portillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-3248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eva Portillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain","Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1026-3248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036162392","display_name":"Itziar Landa-Torres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1532-0811"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Itziar Landa-Torres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Petronor Innovaci\u00f3n S.L, 48550 Muskiz, Spain","Petronor Innovaci\u00f3n S.L., Muskiz, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petronor Innovaci\u00f3n S.L, 48550 Muskiz, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petronor Innovaci\u00f3n S.L., Muskiz, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038856384","display_name":"Diana Manjarr\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5656-9042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124459","display_name":"Association of Electronic and Information Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02trgdk48","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124459"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diana Manjarres","raw_affiliation_strings":["TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5656-9042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124459"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5607,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85980407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"125462","last_page":"125477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8130742311477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.769694447517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7635793685913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.657362699508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.641983687877655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6027119159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6004723310470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5318465232849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-pre-processing","display_name":"Data pre-processing","score":0.5218892693519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5090298652648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4604663550853729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4121389389038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-selection","display_name":"Model selection","score":0.4116142988204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38589954376220703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8130742311477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.769694447517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7635793685913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.657362699508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.641983687877655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6027119159698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6004723310470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5318465232849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.5218892693519592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5090298652648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4604663550853729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4121389389038086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93959086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888345","display_name":"Model selection","level":2,"score":0.4116142988204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38589954376220703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110647","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09530465.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b66b70c50f934305b1c82ed529c6a280","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b66b70c50f934305b1c82ed529c6a280","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 125462-125477 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dsp.tecnalia.com:11556/1202","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11556/1202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402037","display_name":"TECNALIA Publications (Fundaci\u00f3n TECNALIA Research & Innovation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210113430","host_organization_name":"Tecnalia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113430"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110647","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09530465.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2741162381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CER-20191029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321043","funder_display_name":"Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico Industrial"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8527799534","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KK-2020/00049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","funder_display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311175","display_name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03msykc12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321043","display_name":"Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico Industrial","ror":"https://ror.org/0124x7055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321705","display_name":"Eusko Jaurlaritza","ror":"https://ror.org/00pz2fp31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196587695.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196587695.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575847903","https://openalex.org/W774366283","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1788633279","https://openalex.org/W1833005471","https://openalex.org/W1881549354","https://openalex.org/W1975891294","https://openalex.org/W2002016471","https://openalex.org/W2073057438","https://openalex.org/W2106100979","https://openalex.org/W2157109934","https://openalex.org/W2319278070","https://openalex.org/W2329689179","https://openalex.org/W2761379268","https://openalex.org/W2891503716","https://openalex.org/W2905816416","https://openalex.org/W2925507233","https://openalex.org/W2926822960","https://openalex.org/W2943054647","https://openalex.org/W2948009788","https://openalex.org/W2954729539","https://openalex.org/W2964304355","https://openalex.org/W2979040987","https://openalex.org/W2979619706","https://openalex.org/W2980993481","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2982667388","https://openalex.org/W2990434508","https://openalex.org/W2997111441","https://openalex.org/W3000643118","https://openalex.org/W3001641634","https://openalex.org/W3017794714","https://openalex.org/W3023948934","https://openalex.org/W3033765142","https://openalex.org/W3037181583","https://openalex.org/W3039848812","https://openalex.org/W3049371561","https://openalex.org/W3082408195","https://openalex.org/W3092220800","https://openalex.org/W3093687066","https://openalex.org/W3097431078","https://openalex.org/W3104764536","https://openalex.org/W3105315258","https://openalex.org/W3118981418","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3123393700","https://openalex.org/W3129256843","https://openalex.org/W4247581062","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6638646117","https://openalex.org/W6639490048","https://openalex.org/W6769692591","https://openalex.org/W6785251442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2989490741","https://openalex.org/W3092506759","https://openalex.org/W2367545121","https://openalex.org/W4248881655","https://openalex.org/W2482165163","https://openalex.org/W3010890513","https://openalex.org/W120741642","https://openalex.org/W138569904","https://openalex.org/W2390914021","https://openalex.org/W2389417819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(ANNs)":[3],"are":[4,88,189],"weighted":[5],"directed":[6],"graphs":[7],"of":[8,20,98,194,208],"interconnected":[9],"neurons":[10],"widely":[11],"employed":[12,142],"to":[13,32,42,54,65,95,106,111,143,168,176,212],"model":[14,67,80,214],"complex":[15],"problems.":[16],"However,":[17,118],"the":[18,21,44,56,62,66,74,79,108,112,116,145,159,163,177,184,206,209,213,217],"selection":[19,77,219],"optimal":[22],"ANN":[23],"architecture":[24],"and":[25],"its":[26],"parameters":[27],"training":[28],"is":[29,40,51,84,222],"not":[30,133],"enough":[31],"obtain":[33],"reliable":[34],"models.":[35],"The":[36,200],"data":[37],"preprocessing":[38,135],"stage":[39],"fundamental":[41,223],"improve":[43,205],"model\u2019s":[45],"performance.":[46,81],"Specifically,":[47],"Feature":[48],"Normalisation":[49],"(FN)":[50],"commonly":[52,89],"utilised":[53],"remove":[55],"features\u2019":[57,63,109,153,210],"magnitude":[58],"aiming":[59],"at":[60],"equalising":[61],"contribution":[64,110,175,211],"training.":[68],"Nevertheless,":[69],"this":[70,101,182,203],"work":[71,149,204],"demonstrates":[72],"that":[73,86,157,215],"FN":[75],"method":[76,156],"affects":[78],"Also,":[82],"it":[83],"well-known":[85],"ANNs":[87],"considered":[90],"a":[91,151,227],"\"black":[92],"box\"":[93],"due":[94],"their":[96],"lack":[97],"interpretability.":[99],"In":[100],"sense,":[102],"several":[103],"works":[104],"aim":[105],"analyse":[107],"network":[113,178],"for":[114,224],"estimating":[115],"output.":[117,179],"these":[119],"methods,":[120,131],"specifically":[121],"those":[122],"based":[123],"on":[124],"network\u2019s":[125],"weights,":[126],"like":[127],"Garson\u2019s":[128],"or":[129],"Yoon\u2019s":[130],"do":[132],"consider":[134],"factors,":[136,140],"such":[137],"as":[138,191],"dispersion":[139,160],"previously":[141],"transform":[144],"input":[146],"data.":[147],"This":[148],"proposes":[150],"new":[152],"relevance":[154],"analysis":[155,166],"includes":[158],"factors":[161,193],"into":[162],"weight":[164],"matrix":[165],"methods":[167],"infer":[169],"more":[170],"precisely":[171],"each":[172],"feature\u2019s":[173],"actual":[174],"Besides,":[180],"in":[181],"work,":[183],"Proportional":[185],"Dispersion":[186],"Weights":[187],"(PWD)":[188],"proposed":[190],"explanatory":[192],"similarity":[195],"between":[196],"models\u2019":[197],"performance":[198],"results.":[199],"conclusions":[201],"from":[202],"understanding":[207],"enhances":[216],"feature":[218],"strategy,":[220],"which":[221],"reliably":[225],"modelling":[226],"given":[228],"problem.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
