{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196877780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110585","title":"Critical Offset Optimizations for Overlapping-Based Time-Triggered Windows in Time-Sensitive Network","display_name":"Critical Offset Optimizations for Overlapping-Based Time-Triggered Windows in Time-Sensitive Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196877780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110585","mag":"3196877780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110585","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09530400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09530400.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013723316","display_name":"Khaled M. Shalghum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-0963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258300","display_name":"Azzaytuna University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ehj1e38","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258300"]}],"countries":["LY","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khaled M. Shalghum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Azzaytuna University, Tarhuna, Libya. (e-mail: kshalghum@gmail.com)","[Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2978-0963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Azzaytuna University, Tarhuna, Libya. (e-mail: kshalghum@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225","https://openalex.org/I4405258300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032530233","display_name":"Nor Kamariah Noordin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-4862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor K. Noordin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","[Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-4862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079920272","display_name":"Aduwati Sali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-6516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aduwati Sali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","[Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-6516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011013398","display_name":"Fazirulhisyam Hashim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fazirulhisyam Hashim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","[Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9094,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75515451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"130484","last_page":"130501"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8026643395423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5625548362731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5325689911842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5049157738685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5010318756103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.4529725909233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.41402238607406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4060438573360443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1860283613204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11831778287887573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8026643395423889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5625548362731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5325689911842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5049157738685608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5010318756103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.4529725909233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.41402238607406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4060438573360443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1860283613204956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11831778287887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110585","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09530400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7aa4865f1c444212a943c0ee44b17281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7aa4865f1c444212a943c0ee44b17281","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 130484-130501 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110585","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09530400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196877780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196877780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120452217","https://openalex.org/W2147206873","https://openalex.org/W2535632385","https://openalex.org/W2535707672","https://openalex.org/W2535850491","https://openalex.org/W2555386884","https://openalex.org/W2559355961","https://openalex.org/W2772610583","https://openalex.org/W2784041912","https://openalex.org/W2866322109","https://openalex.org/W2883132298","https://openalex.org/W2883236982","https://openalex.org/W2885217174","https://openalex.org/W2886645104","https://openalex.org/W2902780753","https://openalex.org/W2930026108","https://openalex.org/W2953481190","https://openalex.org/W2958974993","https://openalex.org/W2983260997","https://openalex.org/W3008548740","https://openalex.org/W3017297860","https://openalex.org/W3031892900","https://openalex.org/W3035063813","https://openalex.org/W3035331540","https://openalex.org/W3037498081","https://openalex.org/W3086774734","https://openalex.org/W3093744210","https://openalex.org/W3100573495","https://openalex.org/W3106720267","https://openalex.org/W3113370892","https://openalex.org/W3114386251","https://openalex.org/W3117477587","https://openalex.org/W3120935691","https://openalex.org/W3132501130","https://openalex.org/W3157733468","https://openalex.org/W6728579711","https://openalex.org/W6787468553","https://openalex.org/W6788190817","https://openalex.org/W6788521618","https://openalex.org/W6791313363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130966263","https://openalex.org/W2779562428","https://openalex.org/W1987753576","https://openalex.org/W2160425906","https://openalex.org/W1882733036","https://openalex.org/W2546696010","https://openalex.org/W1992741870","https://openalex.org/W2109998134","https://openalex.org/W2298102683","https://openalex.org/W1504980819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deterministic":[0],"and":[1,17,198,229,241],"low":[2],"latency":[3,126,147,249],"communications":[4],"are":[5,119],"increasingly":[6],"becoming":[7],"essential":[8],"requirements":[9],"for":[10,56,195],"several":[11,84],"safety-critical":[12],"applications,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15,166],"automotive":[16],"automation":[18],"industries.":[19],"The":[20,61,206],"time-sensitive":[21],"networking":[22],"(TSN)":[23],"is":[24,64,180],"an":[25,133,177],"element":[26],"of":[27,42,94,227],"the":[28,74,92,100,105,109,150,157,163,173,183,190,219,233,236],"new":[29],"IEEE":[30,48],"802.1":[31],"standards":[32],"that":[33,140],"introduced":[34],"Ethernet-based":[35],"amendments":[36],"to":[37,50,90,122,188],"support":[38],"these":[39,43],"applications.":[40],"One":[41],"enhancements":[44],"was":[45],"presented":[46],"in":[47,80,108],"802.1Qbv":[49],"define":[51],"time-aware":[52],"shaping":[53],"(TAS)":[54],"technique":[55],"time-triggered":[57],"(TT)":[58],"traffic":[59],"scheduling.":[60],"TAS":[62],"mechanism":[63],"a":[65,69,201],"window-based":[66],"scheduling":[67,85,137],"using":[68,182,200],"gating":[70],"system":[71],"controlled":[72],"by":[73,239],"gate":[75],"control":[76],"list":[77],"(GCL)":[78],"schedules":[79],"all":[81,212],"nodes.":[82],"Although":[83],"algorithms":[86],"have":[87],"been":[88,114],"proposed":[89],"investigate":[91],"effects":[93],"window-related":[95],"parameters":[96],"on":[97,146],"network":[98,184],"performance,":[99],"offset":[101],"difference":[102],"(OD)":[103],"between":[104,152,172,215],"same-class":[106],"windows":[107,155,217],"adjoining":[110],"nodes":[111],"has":[112],"not":[113],"optimized":[115,134],"yet.":[116],"These":[117],"optimizations":[118],"extremely":[120],"crucial":[121],"implement":[123],"less":[124,246],"pessimistic":[125,247],"schedules.":[127],"In":[128,222],"this":[129],"paper,":[130],"we":[131,161],"propose":[132],"flexible":[135],"window-overlapping":[136],"(OFWOS)":[138],"algorithm":[139],"optimizes":[141,209],"TT":[142,196,216],"window":[143],"offsets":[144],"based":[145],"evaluations":[148],"considering":[149],"overlapping":[151,213],"different":[153],"priority":[154],"at":[156,218],"same":[158,220],"node.":[159,221],"First,":[160],"formulate":[162],"GCL":[164],"timings":[165],"mathematical":[167],"forms":[168],"under":[169,211],"variable":[170],"ODs":[171],"same-priority":[174],"windows.":[175],"Then,":[176],"analytical":[178],"model":[179,208],"implemented":[181],"calculus":[185],"(NC)":[186],"approach":[187],"express":[189],"worst-case":[191],"end-to-end":[192,248],"delay":[193],"(WCD)":[194],"flows":[197],"evaluated":[199],"realistic":[202],"vehicular":[203],"use":[204],"case.":[205],"OFWOS":[207,234],"OD":[210],"situations":[214],"comparison":[223],"with":[224],"latest":[225],"works":[226],"3-hop":[228],"30-hop":[230],"TSN":[231],"connections,":[232],"reduces":[235],"WCD":[237],"bounds":[238],"8.4%":[240],"32.6%,":[242],"respectively":[243],"which":[244],"accomplishes":[245],"bounds.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
