{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196807348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110336","title":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence Based Framework for Non-Communicable Diseases Prediction","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence Based Framework for Non-Communicable Diseases Prediction","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196807348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110336","mag":"3196807348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110336","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09529216.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09529216.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032482994","display_name":"Khishigsuren Davagdorj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-7621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khishigsuren Davagdorj","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086488055","display_name":"Jang\u2010Whan Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1362-9804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jang-Whan Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027433720","display_name":"Van-Huy Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9907-4066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-Huy Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013485138","display_name":"Nipon Theera\u2010Umpon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-9610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48076826","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nipon Theera-Umpon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand and Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand and Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043932631","display_name":"Keun Ho Ryu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-9054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141445968","display_name":"Ton Duc Thang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01drq0835","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48076826","display_name":"Chiang Mai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05m2fqn25","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]}],"countries":["TH","VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keun Ho Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam and Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. (e-mail: khryu@chungbuk.ac.kr)","Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand","Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam and Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. (e-mail: khryu@chungbuk.ac.kr)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968","https://openalex.org/I48076826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48076826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043932631"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141445968","https://openalex.org/I48076826"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.9362,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97944036,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"123672","last_page":"123688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7071182131767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4749234616756439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3487510681152344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7071182131767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4749234616756439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3487510681152344}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110336","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09529216.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:655b5a741758454db6dbe562c02f5d78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/655b5a741758454db6dbe562c02f5d78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 123672-123688 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3110336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3110336","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09529216.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2696308420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2B5B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3510381842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A2B5B02001717","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5712268306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019K2A9A2A06020672","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G834017027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ACCESS","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196807348.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196807348.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273955616","https://openalex.org/W387672264","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1617145133","https://openalex.org/W1972675532","https://openalex.org/W1990501887","https://openalex.org/W1991426267","https://openalex.org/W2011301426","https://openalex.org/W2029957476","https://openalex.org/W2030786073","https://openalex.org/W2076723282","https://openalex.org/W2085281262","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2122825543","https://openalex.org/W2136991753","https://openalex.org/W2181523240","https://openalex.org/W2181616869","https://openalex.org/W2285799177","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2342603028","https://openalex.org/W2562319768","https://openalex.org/W2565516711","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2753918639","https://openalex.org/W2801753561","https://openalex.org/W2802250559","https://openalex.org/W2898622761","https://openalex.org/W2899039933","https://openalex.org/W2901312569","https://openalex.org/W2910318791","https://openalex.org/W2945048168","https://openalex.org/W2949767632","https://openalex.org/W2956719809","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2964303497","https://openalex.org/W2966218717","https://openalex.org/W2991414967","https://openalex.org/W3000555836","https://openalex.org/W3011812967","https://openalex.org/W3014245704","https://openalex.org/W3024017681","https://openalex.org/W3024473672","https://openalex.org/W3037620472","https://openalex.org/W3038010422","https://openalex.org/W3043924360","https://openalex.org/W3044806259","https://openalex.org/W3046761449","https://openalex.org/W3083150398","https://openalex.org/W3092077324","https://openalex.org/W3102476541","https://openalex.org/W3107309763","https://openalex.org/W3109062466","https://openalex.org/W3110077713","https://openalex.org/W3125069671","https://openalex.org/W3138539755","https://openalex.org/W3142364649","https://openalex.org/W3147286390","https://openalex.org/W3147751175","https://openalex.org/W3153339495","https://openalex.org/W3154607411","https://openalex.org/W3156313549","https://openalex.org/W4211015534","https://openalex.org/W6610017368","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6685764666","https://openalex.org/W6736518430","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6771237674","https://openalex.org/W6786545184","https://openalex.org/W6792880931","https://openalex.org/W6793668207","https://openalex.org/W6793953588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,208],"rapid":[1],"rise":[2],"of":[3,9,18,44,52,78,173,230],"non-communicable":[4],"diseases":[5],"(NCDs)":[6],"becomes":[7],"one":[8],"the":[10,15,59,63,68,89,122,125,141,157,163,166,179,185,190,194,205,213,222,227,238,244,260],"serious":[11],"health":[12],"issues":[13],"and":[14,38,82,119,159,246],"leading":[16],"cause":[17],"death":[19],"worldwide.":[20],"In":[21,55,220],"recent":[22],"years,":[23],"artificial":[24],"intelligence-based":[25],"systems":[26,264],"have":[27,97],"been":[28],"developed":[29],"to":[30,35,50,67,73,161,199,259,269],"assist":[31],"clinicians":[32,71],"in":[33,88,124,240,272],"decision-making":[34],"reduce":[36],"morbidity":[37],"mortality.":[39],"However,":[40],"a":[41,99,112,149,201],"common":[42],"drawback":[43],"these":[45,75],"modern":[46],"studies":[47],"is":[48,65,154],"related":[49],"explanations":[51],"their":[53,79],"output.":[54],"other":[56,273],"words,":[57],"understanding":[58,229],"inner":[60],"logic":[61],"behind":[62],"predictions":[64],"hidden":[66],"end-user.":[69],"Thus,":[70],"struggle":[72],"interpret":[74],"models":[76],"because":[77],"black-box":[80],"nature,":[81],"hence":[83],"they":[84],"are":[85,137,176],"not":[86,257],"acceptable":[87],"medical":[90,228,261],"practice.":[91],"To":[92],"address":[93],"this":[94],"problem,":[95],"we":[96],"proposed":[98,129,214,223],"Deep":[100],"Shapley":[101],"Additive":[102],"Explanations":[103],"(DeepSHAP)":[104],"based":[105,139,251],"deep":[106,150,253],"neural":[107,151],"network":[108,152],"framework":[109,130,255],"equipped":[110],"with":[111,156,165],"feature":[113,145,168],"selection":[114,146],"technique":[115],"for":[116],"NCDs":[117,231],"prediction":[118,192],"explanation":[120,175],"among":[121],"population":[123],"United":[126],"States.":[127],"Our":[128],"comprises":[131],"three":[132],"components:":[133],"First,":[134],"representative":[135],"features":[136],"done":[138],"on":[140],"elastic":[142],"net-based":[143],"embedded":[144],"technique;":[147],"second":[148],"classifier":[153],"tuned":[155],"hyper-parameters":[158],"used":[160],"train":[162],"model":[164,174,215,224],"selected":[167],"subset;":[169],"third,":[170],"two":[171],"kinds":[172],"provided":[177],"by":[178,233],"DeepSHAP":[180,250],"approach.":[181],"Herein,":[182],"(I)":[183],"explaining":[184],"risk":[186,242],"factors":[187],"that":[188,212],"affected":[189],"model\u2019s":[191],"from":[193,204],"population-based":[195],"perspective;":[196],"(II)":[197],"aiming":[198],"explain":[200],"single":[202],"instance":[203],"human-centered":[206],"perspective.":[207],"experimental":[209],"results":[210],"indicated":[211],"outperforms":[216],"various":[217],"state-of-the-art":[218],"models.":[219],"addition,":[221],"can":[225,267],"improve":[226],"diagnosis":[232],"providing":[234],"general":[235],"insights":[236],"into":[237],"changes":[239],"disease":[241],"at":[243],"global":[245],"local":[247],"levels.":[248],"Consequently,":[249],"explainable":[252],"learning":[254],"contributes":[256],"only":[258],"decision":[262],"support":[263],"but":[265],"also":[266],"provide":[268],"real-world":[270],"needs":[271],"domains.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-12T07:58:50.170612","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
