{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198904257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108630","title":"Zernike Pooling: Generalizing Average Pooling Using Zernike Moments","display_name":"Zernike Pooling: Generalizing Average Pooling Using Zernike Moments","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198904257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108630","mag":"3198904257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3108630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108630","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09524712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09524712.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081293523","display_name":"Thomas Theodoridis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-7331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Theodoridis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece. (e-mail: tomastheod@iti.gr)","Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-7331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece. (e-mail: tomastheod@iti.gr)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061257619","display_name":"\u039a\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u039b\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-3893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kostas Loumponias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece","Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-3893","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023583976","display_name":"Nicholas Vretos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-9685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Vretos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece","Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-9685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071585254","display_name":"Petros Daras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6710"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093649","display_name":"Information Technologies Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0069akp70","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petros Daras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece","Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-6710","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093649","https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0364,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78787627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"121128","last_page":"121136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.9557225108146667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zernike-polynomials","display_name":"Zernike polynomials","score":0.8491673469543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.610192596912384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.587165892124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5363138318061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5360392332077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.5104466676712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.4787044823169708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4602246880531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.36185216903686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35319024324417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3145012855529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.08456632494926453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.9557225108146667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92423082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132146","display_name":"Zernike polynomials","level":3,"score":0.8491673469543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.610192596912384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.587165892124176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5363138318061829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5360392332077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.5104466676712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.4787044823169708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4602246880531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.36185216903686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35319024324417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3145012855529785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.08456632494926453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3108630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108630","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09524712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb6cc30132b548919ef42b7435c1b074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb6cc30132b548919ef42b7435c1b074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 121128-121136 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3108630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108630","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09524712.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G520213049","display_name":"affecTive basEd iNtegrateD carE for betteR Quality of Life","funder_award_id":"875325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198904257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198904257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1093064829","https://openalex.org/W1527197079","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1840106123","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1907282891","https://openalex.org/W2011974067","https://openalex.org/W2055783626","https://openalex.org/W2077684263","https://openalex.org/W2086936614","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102377326","https://openalex.org/W2104978738","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2118376687","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2401231614","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2484273982","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2559156603","https://openalex.org/W2590278864","https://openalex.org/W2608051431","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2769152880","https://openalex.org/W2786128974","https://openalex.org/W2891365890","https://openalex.org/W2955425717","https://openalex.org/W2955793676","https://openalex.org/W2962965870","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963374479","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963574257","https://openalex.org/W2963919294","https://openalex.org/W2964012402","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964275061","https://openalex.org/W3009131247","https://openalex.org/W3017042296","https://openalex.org/W3034502973","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3159466351","https://openalex.org/W4298227433","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639736908","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6688902765","https://openalex.org/W6726275242","https://openalex.org/W6729956949","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6748455662","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6794500074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386603768","https://openalex.org/W2950475743","https://openalex.org/W2886711096","https://openalex.org/W1997638723","https://openalex.org/W2547138831","https://openalex.org/W2061580049","https://openalex.org/W2067788074","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2183108721","https://openalex.org/W3160617640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,13,32,50,60,86,140],"the":[2,14,30,36,40,51,58,73,100,116,123,137],"established":[3],"neural":[4],"network":[5],"architectures":[6],"in":[7,145,158,170],"computer":[8],"vision":[9],"are":[10],"essentially":[11],"composed":[12],"same":[15,74],"building":[16],"blocks":[17],"(e.g.,":[18],"convolutional,":[19],"normalization,":[20],"regularization,":[21],"pooling":[22,54,98,129,132,142],"layers,":[23],"etc.),":[24],"with":[25,164],"their":[26],"main":[27],"difference":[28],"being":[29],"connectivity":[31],"these":[33],"components":[34,41],"within":[35],"architecture":[37],"and":[38,79,110,130,143],"not":[39],"themselves.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper":[45],"we":[46,90],"propose":[47],"a":[48,83,93,166],"generalization":[49],"traditional":[52],"average":[53,77,97,128,131],"operator.":[55],"Based":[56],"on":[57,105,152],"requirements":[59],"efficiency":[61],"(to":[62,68,81],"provide":[63,82],"information":[64],"without":[65],"repetition),":[66],"equivalence":[67],"be":[69,162],"able":[70,120],"to":[71,121],"produce":[72],"output":[75],"as":[76,134,136],"pooling)":[78],"extendability":[80],"natural":[84],"way":[85],"obtaining":[87],"novel":[88],"information),":[89],"arrive":[91],"at":[92],"formulation":[94],"that":[95,115,155],"generalizes":[96],"using":[99],"Zernike":[101],"moments.":[102],"Experimental":[103],"results":[104],"Cifar":[106,108],"10,":[107],"100":[109],"Rotated":[111],"MNIST":[112],"data-sets":[113],"showed":[114,154],"proposed":[117],"method":[118],"was":[119],"outperform":[122],"two":[124,138],"baseline":[125],"approaches,":[126],"global":[127],"2\u00d72,":[133],"well":[135],"variants":[139],"Stochastic":[141],"AlphaMEX":[144],"every":[146],"case.":[147],"A":[148],"worst-case":[149],"performance":[150],"analysis":[151],"Cifar-100":[153],"significant":[156],"gains":[157],"classification":[159],"accuracy":[160],"can":[161],"realised":[163],"only":[165],"modest":[167],"10%":[168],"increase":[169],"training":[171],"time.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
