{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3198764780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108346","title":"On the Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Testbed for Distributed TDMA-Based MAC Protocols in VANETs","display_name":"On the Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Testbed for Distributed TDMA-Based MAC Protocols in VANETs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3198764780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108346","mag":"3198764780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3108346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108346","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09524613.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09524613.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008706781","display_name":"Jingbang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingbang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China. (e-mail: wujingbang@gmail.com)","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-5631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China. (e-mail: wujingbang@gmail.com)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463","https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066093415","display_name":"Luyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9972-0742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605134","display_name":"Yichen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-3248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179026463","display_name":"Beijing Technology and Business University","ror":"https://ror.org/013e0zm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008706781"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179026463","https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5084,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64612664,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"122092","last_page":"122106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.9078145027160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-division-multiple-access","display_name":"Time division multiple access","score":0.8197492361068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7978573441505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6810727119445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34215861558914185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.9078145027160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117313154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878344","display_name":"Time division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.8197492361068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7978573441505432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6810727119445801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34215861558914185}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3108346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108346","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09524613.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:06158af1315143b4aeceea721fc0fc29","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/06158af1315143b4aeceea721fc0fc29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 122092-122106 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3108346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3108346","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09524613.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198764780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3198764780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W284953988","https://openalex.org/W1185032663","https://openalex.org/W1987504672","https://openalex.org/W1990553840","https://openalex.org/W2000645968","https://openalex.org/W2008174958","https://openalex.org/W2017954997","https://openalex.org/W2023835067","https://openalex.org/W2036269332","https://openalex.org/W2038994579","https://openalex.org/W2047819710","https://openalex.org/W2082242517","https://openalex.org/W2107033609","https://openalex.org/W2111414907","https://openalex.org/W2146156479","https://openalex.org/W2166189061","https://openalex.org/W2317464098","https://openalex.org/W2344723494","https://openalex.org/W2479106821","https://openalex.org/W2606046300","https://openalex.org/W2734497537","https://openalex.org/W2735210822","https://openalex.org/W2741275913","https://openalex.org/W2746913270","https://openalex.org/W2753235283","https://openalex.org/W2770793532","https://openalex.org/W2772664513","https://openalex.org/W2772995340","https://openalex.org/W2790475903","https://openalex.org/W2807811179","https://openalex.org/W2890383200","https://openalex.org/W2901276250","https://openalex.org/W2918308826","https://openalex.org/W2933032402","https://openalex.org/W2942613101","https://openalex.org/W2948455179","https://openalex.org/W2950180863","https://openalex.org/W2960395983","https://openalex.org/W2963401662","https://openalex.org/W2963775970","https://openalex.org/W2969350032","https://openalex.org/W2969628476","https://openalex.org/W2970041640","https://openalex.org/W2988640536","https://openalex.org/W2999633064","https://openalex.org/W3001729558","https://openalex.org/W3020156875","https://openalex.org/W3039367034","https://openalex.org/W3091386385","https://openalex.org/W3122196765","https://openalex.org/W3129618783","https://openalex.org/W3133215487","https://openalex.org/W4210828405","https://openalex.org/W4235921807","https://openalex.org/W4285260004","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6743929325","https://openalex.org/W6763162627","https://openalex.org/W6784092121","https://openalex.org/W6788397233","https://openalex.org/W6790433840","https://openalex.org/W6790826310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W2048312709","https://openalex.org/W2132410594","https://openalex.org/W2536828918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"development":[1],"and":[2,12,102,122,129,132,154],"deployment":[3],"of":[4,50,72,81,119,140,148],"vehicular":[5],"ad-hoc":[6],"networks":[7],"(VANETs)":[8],"require":[9],"an":[10],"efficient":[11],"scalable":[13],"media":[14],"access":[15,157],"control":[16],"(MAC)":[17],"protocol":[18,91],"to":[19,63,125],"support":[20],"high-priority":[21,128,150],"safety":[22],"applications.":[23],"To":[24],"meet":[25],"the":[26,42,47,51,58,64,67,75,79,82,90,117,127,141,145,149,155],"requirements,":[27],"researchers":[28],"have":[29,54],"proposed":[30,52],"many":[31],"distributed":[32,108],"TDMA-based":[33,109],"MAC":[34,83,110],"protocols":[35,53,111],"for":[36,107,136],"VANET":[37],"in":[38,46,57,74,94,112],"recent":[39],"years.":[40],"Despite":[41],"superior":[43],"performance":[44,80],"shown":[45],"simulations,":[48],"few":[49],"been":[55],"evaluated":[56],"real-world":[59],"environment.":[60],"However,":[61],"according":[62],"measurement-based":[65],"works,":[66],"extremely":[68],"unstable":[69],"wireless":[70],"communication":[71],"VANETs":[73],"real":[76,95],"world":[77],"challenges":[78],"protocols.":[84],"Hence":[85],"it":[86],"may":[87],"deteriorate":[88],"if":[89],"is":[92,152,158],"implemented":[93],"vehicles.":[96],"In":[97],"this":[98],"paper,":[99],"we":[100],"design":[101],"implement":[103],"a":[104],"real-time":[105],"testbed":[106,115],"VANETs.":[113],"The":[114],"utilizes":[116],"collaboration":[118],"hardware":[120],"(FPGA)":[121],"software":[123],"(Linux)":[124],"handle":[126],"low-priority":[130],"tasks,":[131],"high-accuracy":[133],"GPS":[134],"receiver":[135],"time":[137],"synchronization.":[138],"Results":[139],"measurements":[142],"show":[143],"that":[144],"transmission":[146],"delay":[147],"packets":[151],"bounded":[153],"TDMA":[156],"functional.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
