{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194048776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107365","title":"A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters","display_name":"A Self-Powered and Area Efficient SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Harvesters","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194048776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107365","mag":"3194048776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3107365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107365","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09521537.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09521537.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046764503","display_name":"Salar Chamanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-2672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["TR","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salar Chamanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey","University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067024155","display_name":"Berkay \u00c7iftci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-7195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Berkay Ciftci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055415632","display_name":"Ali Muhtaro\u011flu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8986-2587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Muhtaroglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Sustainability, Middle East Technical University\u2013Northern Cyprus Campus (METU-NCC), Mersin, Turkey","Middle East Technical University\u2013Northern Cyprus Campus, Mersin, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Sustainability, Middle East Technical University\u2013Northern Cyprus Campus (METU-NCC), Mersin, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle East Technical University\u2013Northern Cyprus Campus, Mersin, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045177705","display_name":"Haluk K\u00fclah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-4474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haluk Kulah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey","METU-MEMS Research and Applications Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"METU-MEMS Research and Applications Center, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046764503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495","https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0141,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72954,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"117703","last_page":"117713"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.7494311928749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.7292306423187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectifier","display_name":"Rectifier (neural networks)","score":0.693760335445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.49329107999801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.48453277349472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4843946099281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.4729960858821869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4485147297382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4367128312587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.42544856667518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.397434264421463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.381782591342926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.36156994104385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29921194911003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1956152617931366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17179632186889648}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.7494311928749084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.7292306423187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50100734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7303176","display_name":"Rectifier (neural networks)","level":5,"score":0.693760335445404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.49329107999801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.48453277349472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4843946099281311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.4729960858821869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4485147297382355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4367128312587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.42544856667518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.397434264421463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.381782591342926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.36156994104385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29921194911003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1956152617931366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17179632186889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86582703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617824","display_name":"Stochastic neural network","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3107365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107365","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09521537.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cacabdfe96db4993b17c69402e7c95e2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cacabdfe96db4993b17c69402e7c95e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 117703-117713 (2021)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://open.metu.edu.tr:11511/91970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/91970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402495","display_name":"OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","host_organization_name":"Middle East Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oda.oslomet.no:11250/3061369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3061369","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3107365","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107365","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09521537.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4543680434","display_name":"A Fully-Implantable MEMS-Based Autonomous Cochlear Implant","funder_award_id":"682756","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","funder_display_name":"H2020 European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6208186043","display_name":"A Fully-Implantable MEMS-Based Autonomous Cochlear Implant","funder_award_id":"682756","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194048776.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3194048776.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017870586","https://openalex.org/W2018310906","https://openalex.org/W2025316156","https://openalex.org/W2027529145","https://openalex.org/W2044489389","https://openalex.org/W2081768052","https://openalex.org/W2088431984","https://openalex.org/W2093929504","https://openalex.org/W2125488136","https://openalex.org/W2131261240","https://openalex.org/W2158037683","https://openalex.org/W2291994170","https://openalex.org/W2333888785","https://openalex.org/W2556131495","https://openalex.org/W2560654912","https://openalex.org/W2594557864","https://openalex.org/W2743931865","https://openalex.org/W2807975183","https://openalex.org/W2887920268","https://openalex.org/W2891505034","https://openalex.org/W2911554858","https://openalex.org/W2946402291","https://openalex.org/W2965642202","https://openalex.org/W2980518680","https://openalex.org/W3012536308","https://openalex.org/W3016164176","https://openalex.org/W3128119632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027630214","https://openalex.org/W4405446272","https://openalex.org/W2798896958","https://openalex.org/W120386264","https://openalex.org/W2898145991","https://openalex.org/W2080420513","https://openalex.org/W2168095168","https://openalex.org/W4386264909","https://openalex.org/W3013760104","https://openalex.org/W4362005654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,181],"area":[4,95],"efficient":[5,96],"fully":[6,249],"autonomous":[7,250],"piezoelectric":[8,154,191],"energy":[9,14,123],"harvesting":[10,29,79,242],"system":[11,23,36,50,69,134],"to":[12,37,43,66,129,172,216,245],"scavenge":[13],"from":[15,126],"periodic":[16,159],"vibrations.":[17],"Extraction":[18],"rectifier":[19,184],"utilized":[20],"in":[21,52,61,105,137],"the":[22,62],"is":[24,108,124,135,149,167,207],"based":[25],"on":[26,30,219],"synchronized":[27],"switch":[28],"inductor":[31,60],"(SSHI)":[32],"technique":[33,107],"which":[34],"enables":[35],"outperform":[38],"standard":[39],"passive":[40],"rectifiers.":[41],"Compared":[42],"conventional":[44],"SSHI":[45,48],"circuits,":[46],"enhanced":[47],"(E-SSHI)":[49],"proposed":[51,133],"this":[53],"paper":[54],"uses":[55],"a":[56,152,237],"single":[57],"low-profile":[58,247],"external":[59,113],"range":[63],"of":[64,77,100,169,205],"H's":[65],"reduce":[67],"overall":[68],"cost":[70],"and":[71,91,174,188,248],"volume,":[72],"hence":[73],"broadening":[74],"application":[75],"areas":[76],"such":[78],"systems.":[80],"Furthermore,":[81],"E-SSHI":[82,106,127,165,234],"does":[83],"not":[84],"include":[85],"any":[86,112],"negative":[87],"voltage":[88,102,194,202],"converter":[89],"circuit":[90,117,166,193],"therefore,":[92],"it":[93],"offers":[94,236],"AC/DC":[97],"rectification.":[98],"Detection":[99],"optimal":[101],"flipping":[103,203,221],"times":[104,176],"conducted":[109],"autonomously":[110],"without":[111],"calibration.":[114],"Energy":[115],"transfer":[116],"provides":[118],"control":[119],"over":[120],"how":[121],"much":[122],"delivered":[125],"output":[128],"electronic":[130],"load.":[131],"The":[132],"fabricated":[136],"180":[138],"nm":[139],"CMOS":[140],"process":[141],"with":[142,158,180,227],"0.28":[143],"mm":[144],"2":[145],"active":[146],"area.":[147],"It":[148],"tested":[150],"using":[151],"commercial":[153],"transducer":[155],"MIDE":[156],"V22BL":[157],"excitation.":[160],"Measured":[161,223],"results":[162,224],"reveal":[163],"that":[164,233],"capable":[168],"extracting":[170],"up":[171],"5.23":[173],"4.02":[175],"more":[177],"power":[178],"compared":[179,226],"ideal":[182],"full-bridge":[183],"at":[185,209],"0.87":[186],"V":[187,190,210],"2.6":[189],"open":[192],"amplitudes":[195],"(V":[196],"OC,P":[197,211],"),":[198],"respectively.":[199],"A":[200],"maximum":[201],"efficiency":[204],"93%":[206],"observed":[208],"=":[212],"3.6":[213],"V,":[214],"owing":[215],"minimized":[217],"losses":[218],"charge":[220],"path.":[222],"are":[225],"stateof-the-art":[228],"interface":[229],"circuits.":[230],"Comparison":[231],"shows":[232],"design":[235],"huge":[238],"step":[239],"towards":[240],"miniaturized":[241],"systems":[243],"thanks":[244],"its":[246],"design.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}