{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196115058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107294","title":"Pixel and Object-Based Machine Learning Classification Schemes for Lithological Mapping Enhancement of Semi-Arid Regions Using Sentinel-2A Imagery: A Case Study of the Southern Moroccan Meseta","display_name":"Pixel and Object-Based Machine Learning Classification Schemes for Lithological Mapping Enhancement of Semi-Arid Regions Using Sentinel-2A Imagery: A Case Study of the Southern Moroccan Meseta","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196115058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107294","mag":"3196115058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3107294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09521509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09521509.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058484886","display_name":"Imane Serbouti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8134-7537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imane Serbouti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Laboratory of Applied Geology, Geomatic and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8134-7537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Laboratory of Applied Geology, Geomatic and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072993572","display_name":"Mohammed Raji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-1140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Raji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Laboratory of Applied Geology, Geomatic and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Laboratory of Applied Geology, Geomatic and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036756324","display_name":"Mustapha Hakdaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2866-0188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99297268","display_name":"University of Hassan II Casablanca","ror":"https://ror.org/001q4kn48","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustapha Hakdaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, Laboratory of Applied Geology, Geomatic and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2866-0188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, Laboratory of Applied Geology, Geomatic and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M\u2019Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99297268"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059040421","display_name":"Biswajeet Pradhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-2054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["AU","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biswajeet Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia","Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;","Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, New South Wales, Australia;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-2054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems (CAMGIS), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo 2007, New South Wales, Australia;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045171576","display_name":"Chang-Wook Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-3225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165507594","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Wook Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, South Korea","Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029739578","display_name":"Abdullah Alamri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-1350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah M. Alamri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9554,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79972614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"119262","last_page":"119278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.7571676969528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.7550164461135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5897643566131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5360479950904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4758334159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47002649307250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geologic-map","display_name":"Geologic map","score":0.44097864627838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44006574153900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.43527528643608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3504079282283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.1447542905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12479531764984131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.7571676969528198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.7550164461135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5897643566131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5360479950904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4758334159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47002649307250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82586738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193842","display_name":"Geologic map","level":2,"score":0.44097864627838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44006574153900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.43527528643608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3504079282283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.1447542905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12479531764984131}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3107294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09521509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd99a304a3154231be89e850bb19341c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd99a304a3154231be89e850bb19341c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 119262-119278 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3107294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3107294","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09521509.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2569376271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A2C1085686","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7007784615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021/14","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7545718068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSP-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320967","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323731","display_name":"Bureau de Recherches G\u00e9ologiques et Mini\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/05hnb7x64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336885","display_name":"Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial lnformation Systems, University of Technology Sydney","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196115058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3196115058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1044299615","https://openalex.org/W1580835259","https://openalex.org/W1760020758","https://openalex.org/W1976137296","https://openalex.org/W1983383693","https://openalex.org/W1984710860","https://openalex.org/W1984792953","https://openalex.org/W1991157477","https://openalex.org/W1991460577","https://openalex.org/W2007604451","https://openalex.org/W2008209949","https://openalex.org/W2008585232","https://openalex.org/W2019899368","https://openalex.org/W2031282500","https://openalex.org/W2033829762","https://openalex.org/W2035565376","https://openalex.org/W2054368795","https://openalex.org/W2056042464","https://openalex.org/W2058203588","https://openalex.org/W2061240006","https://openalex.org/W2065869098","https://openalex.org/W2069365977","https://openalex.org/W2074734447","https://openalex.org/W2074867519","https://openalex.org/W2076796194","https://openalex.org/W2078619499","https://openalex.org/W2080256102","https://openalex.org/W2082081125","https://openalex.org/W2084469944","https://openalex.org/W2084668217","https://openalex.org/W2092606759","https://openalex.org/W2093611939","https://openalex.org/W2100921418","https://openalex.org/W2103079830","https://openalex.org/W2113592838","https://openalex.org/W2115297761","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2126275569","https://openalex.org/W2127839352","https://openalex.org/W2138973222","https://openalex.org/W2138980262","https://openalex.org/W2154195147","https://openalex.org/W2160886094","https://openalex.org/W2169147346","https://openalex.org/W2170252635","https://openalex.org/W2183177606","https://openalex.org/W2212207508","https://openalex.org/W2282484194","https://openalex.org/W2287488578","https://openalex.org/W2345847299","https://openalex.org/W2461102141","https://openalex.org/W2530966209","https://openalex.org/W2531213996","https://openalex.org/W2538894503","https://openalex.org/W2565909193","https://openalex.org/W2582144242","https://openalex.org/W2586431865","https://openalex.org/W2589298853","https://openalex.org/W2597284376","https://openalex.org/W2648242067","https://openalex.org/W2663069607","https://openalex.org/W2765279289","https://openalex.org/W2768751965","https://openalex.org/W2776146695","https://openalex.org/W2800585695","https://openalex.org/W2810838438","https://openalex.org/W2894543590","https://openalex.org/W2915254566","https://openalex.org/W2947319370","https://openalex.org/W2955700865","https://openalex.org/W2964268510","https://openalex.org/W2981849677","https://openalex.org/W2991264163","https://openalex.org/W2997582857","https://openalex.org/W2997603424","https://openalex.org/W2998393675","https://openalex.org/W2999468929","https://openalex.org/W3000102123","https://openalex.org/W3005945366","https://openalex.org/W3008897592","https://openalex.org/W3023114228","https://openalex.org/W3037987183","https://openalex.org/W3042093694","https://openalex.org/W3083893974","https://openalex.org/W3089586652","https://openalex.org/W3139014401","https://openalex.org/W4236130626","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6684677427","https://openalex.org/W6685685710","https://openalex.org/W6729219551","https://openalex.org/W6735132182","https://openalex.org/W6769377118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2911097869","https://openalex.org/W2090763504","https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2910169182","https://openalex.org/W2316823687","https://openalex.org/W2911087090","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W958504006","https://openalex.org/W2909299796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mapping":[0],"lithological":[1,43,60,178,228],"units":[2],"of":[3,55,97,139,142,161,168,174,193,198,210],"an":[4],"area":[5],"using":[6,66],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"data":[9,68],"can":[10,215],"be":[11],"broadly":[12],"grouped":[13],"into":[14],"pixel-based":[15],"(PBIA),":[16],"sub-pixel":[17],"based":[18],"(SPBIA)":[19],"and":[20,51,69,75,85,132,137,157,171,186,195],"object-based":[21],"(GEOBIA)":[22],"image":[23,73],"analysis":[24,89],"approaches.":[25,134,206],"Since":[26],"it":[27],"is":[28,47,117,128,222],"not":[29],"only":[30],"the":[31,36,42,53,86,94,102,111,140,151,177,203,208,218,223],"datasets":[32],"adequacy":[33],"but":[34],"also":[35],"correct":[37],"classification":[38,154,165,205,220],"selection":[39],"that":[40,92,116,147,217],"influences":[41],"mapping.":[44],"This":[45],"research":[46],"intended":[48],"to":[49],"analyze":[50],"evaluate":[52],"efficiency":[54],"these":[56,143],"three":[57],"approaches":[58],"for":[59,72,91,227],"mapping":[61,127,229],"in":[62,78,101,125,130,230],"semi-arid":[63,231],"areas,":[64],"by":[65],"Sentinel-2A":[67],"many":[70],"algorithms":[71],"enhancement":[74],"spectral":[76],"analysis,":[77],"particular":[79],"two":[80],"specialized":[81],"Band":[82],"Ratio":[83],"(BR)":[84],"Independent":[87],"component":[88],"(ICA),":[90],"reason":[93],"Paleozoic":[95],"Massif":[96],"Skhour":[98],"Rehamna,":[99],"situated":[100],"western":[103],"Moroccan":[104],"Meseta":[105],"was":[106],"chosen.":[107],"In":[108],"this":[109,211],"study,":[110,213],"support":[112],"vector":[113],"machine":[114,121],"(SVM)":[115],"theoretically":[118],"more":[119],"efficient":[120],"learning":[122],"algorithm":[123],"(MLA)":[124],"geological":[126],"used":[129],"PBIA":[131],"GEOBIA":[133],"The":[135],"evaluation":[136],"comparison":[138],"performance":[141],"different":[144],"methods":[145],"showed":[146,166],"SVM-GEOBIA":[148,219],"approach":[149,221],"gives":[150],"highest":[152],"overall":[153],"accuracy":[155],"(OA\u224893%)":[156],"kappa":[158,172,196],"coefficient":[159,173,197],"(K)":[160],"0,89,":[162],"while":[163],"SPBIA":[164],"OA":[167,192],"approximately":[169],"89%":[170],"0,84,":[175],"whereas":[176],"maps":[179],"resulted":[180],"from":[181],"SVM-PBIA":[182],"method":[183],"exhibit":[184],"salt":[185],"pepper":[187],"noise,":[188],"with":[189,202],"a":[190],"lower":[191],"87%":[194],"0,80":[199],"comparing":[200],"them":[201],"other":[204],"From":[207],"results":[209],"comparative":[212],"we":[214],"conclude":[216],"most":[224],"suitable":[225],"technique":[226],"regions,":[232],"where":[233],"outcrops":[234],"are":[235],"often":[236],"inaccessible,":[237],"which":[238],"complicates":[239],"classic":[240],"cartographic":[241],"work.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
