{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193398854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3106509","title":"Cronus: An Automated Feedback Tool for Concept Maps","display_name":"Cronus: An Automated Feedback Tool for Concept Maps","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193398854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3106509","mag":"3193398854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3106509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3106509","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09519627.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09519627.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012874805","display_name":"Masrik A. Dahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-310X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masrik A. Dahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. (e-mail: dahirma@vcu.edu)","Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-310X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. (e-mail: dahirma@vcu.edu)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052117709","display_name":"Syed Ali Qasim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-9153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ali Qasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA","Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-9153","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063509441","display_name":"Irfan Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-388X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA","Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-388X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012874805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4725,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69783741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"119564","last_page":"119577"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11526","display_name":"Innovative Teaching Methods","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11526","display_name":"Innovative Teaching Methods","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9746999740600586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7725942134857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-map","display_name":"Concept map","score":0.7553108930587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grading","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","score":0.7528350949287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7022495269775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5467537641525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5342974066734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33471089601516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32918721437454224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7725942134857178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200287777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830115","display_name":"Concept map","level":2,"score":0.7553108930587769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7528350949287415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7022495269775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5467537641525269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5342974066734314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33471089601516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32918721437454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3106509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3106509","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09519627.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c1db60e05404aa9b39b08840161f64c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c1db60e05404aa9b39b08840161f64c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 119564-119577 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2021.3106509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3106509","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/09519627.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193398854.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193398854.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552953976","https://openalex.org/W1557465875","https://openalex.org/W1789093564","https://openalex.org/W1947644038","https://openalex.org/W1982195405","https://openalex.org/W2018240945","https://openalex.org/W2032738271","https://openalex.org/W2046527552","https://openalex.org/W2053904080","https://openalex.org/W2056261350","https://openalex.org/W2059128280","https://openalex.org/W2093264707","https://openalex.org/W2096837394","https://openalex.org/W2101814172","https://openalex.org/W2124775868","https://openalex.org/W2151558007","https://openalex.org/W2791655553","https://openalex.org/W2915206743","https://openalex.org/W2993634303","https://openalex.org/W3037531578","https://openalex.org/W4250461442","https://openalex.org/W6632983650","https://openalex.org/W6638206190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657880117","https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W1001352512","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W1987128138","https://openalex.org/W2354233396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Concept":[1],"map":[2,20,51,98],"is":[3,21,110],"a":[4,18,22,27,35,48,81,94,113],"pedagogical":[5],"tool":[6],"to":[7,30,53,148],"help":[8],"students":[9],"understand":[10],"the":[11,90,97,103,106,149,153],"concepts":[12],"and":[13,72,92,155],"identify":[14],"their":[15,158],"misconceptions.":[16],"Grading":[17],"concept":[19,32,50,62,83,118,145],"time-consuming":[23],"manual":[24,54,150],"task":[25],"causing":[26],"severe":[28],"bottleneck":[29],"use":[31],"maps":[33,119,146,154],"in":[34,124],"large":[36],"class":[37],"effectively.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40],"presents":[41],"Cronus":[42,109,138],"that":[43,74,137],"provides":[44],"useful":[45],"feedback":[46,65,142],"on":[47,89,105,112,129,143],"student":[49,82,117,144],"similar":[52],"assessment":[55],"by":[56],"comparing":[57],"it":[58],"with":[59],"an":[60,125],"instructor":[61],"map.":[63],"The":[64,133],"includes":[66],"identifying":[67],"misconceptions,":[68],"finding":[69],"concepts,":[70],"links,":[71],"branches":[73],"are":[75],"(partially)":[76],"matched":[77],"or":[78],"missed":[79],"from":[80],"map,":[84],"generating":[85],"summary":[86,107],"statistics":[87],"based":[88],"feedback,":[91],"suggesting":[93],"grade":[95],"of":[96,115,152],"using":[99],"predefined":[100],"criteria":[101],"(by":[102],"instructor)":[104],"stats.":[108],"evaluated":[111],"dataset":[114],"74":[116],"collected":[120],"as":[121],"homework":[122],"assignments":[123],"undergraduate":[126],"(senior-level)":[127],"course":[128],"introductory":[130],"computer":[131],"security.":[132],"evaluation":[134,151],"results":[135],"show":[136],"can":[139],"provide":[140],"accurate":[141],"compared":[147],"automatically":[156],"suggest":[157],"correct":[159],"grades.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
